The Industrialists & Politics in the Gilded Age

1. The Industrialists & Politics in the Gilded Age US History Mrs. Lacks

2. Inventions that promoted change • 1st Industrial Revolution • 2nd Industrial Revolution

3. First Industrial Revolution: Late 18th century to 1860 Steel plow Cotton gin Sewing machine Rotary press Early train Telegraph Mechanical reaper

4. Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910) • Railroad expansion • Pullman Cars • Connected country • Black Gold (oil, kerosene) • Steel (via the Bessemer Process)

5. George Pullman designed a sleeping car including the services of supplying the linens, housekeeping, and attendants for the sleeping cars, making train travel much more comfortable. Pullman’s car gained much attention after it housed President’s Lincoln’s body through 8 states during the funeral procession. Created by Katherine Lacks

6. Created by Katherine Lacks • Top: Brooklyn Bridge • Right: First skyscraper • Home Insurance Building • Chicago, Illinois • 1885 • 10 stories • 1st building to use structural steel as its frame

7. Created by Katherine Lacks

8. Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910) • Electricity • Thomas Alva Edison • Menlo Park research lab (1880) • system for producing and distributing electricity • becomes inexpensive, convenient, safer • inspires new inventions - household appliances, electric streetcars • manufacturing plants could be located anywhere (not just near water)

9. Created by Katherine Lacks Edison’s voice, 1888

10. Created by Katherine Lacks

11. Thomas Edison Created by Katherine Lacks Edison’s electricity plant, Boston Edison’s lab in Menlo Park, NJ

12. Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910) • Typewriter: Christopher Sholes (1867) • Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1876) • sewing machine: demand for professional garment workers (men, women, kids), long work hours, unhealthy conditions • (All three opened new jobs for women)

13. Created by Katherine Lacks Telephone

14. The first "Sholes & Glidden Typewriter" went on the market in 1874 with lukewarm results. Remington engineers made improvements a few years later and sales skyrocketed. Created by Katherine Lacks

15. 1885 ad for Remington typewriters 1889 ad to train secretaries Created by Katherine Lacks

16. Ritty, Cash Register Created by Katherine Lacks George Pullman, Railroad Sleeper Car Elisha Otis, Elevator

17. The Men Who Built America • AKA the Industrialists, the Entrepreneurs, the Captains of Industry, or the Robber Barons • Cornelius Vanderbilt • John D. Rockefeller • Andrew Carnegie • J.P. Morgan

19. Cornelius Vanderbilt • 1794 – 1877 • Started a ferry service from Stanton Is to Manhattan at age 16 • Was so profitable, soon had fleet

20. Cornelius Vanderbilt • Started to invest in railroads • Owned only railroad coming into NYC • Built Grand Central Station • Tried to buy out all other railroad companies • Was successful in owning almost half of all US railroads by his death

22. Created by Katherine Lacks Biltmore

23. Built by George Washington Vanderbilt between 1888 & 1895 Ashville, NC Largest privately owned home in the US 255 rooms; 175,000 sq. ft. Created by Katherine Lacks

24. Created by Katherine Lacks

25. Created by Katherine Lacks

26. Created by Katherine Lacks George Washington Vanderbilt

27. Created by Katherine Lacks The Breakers Newport, RI Summer home of Vanderbilt

28. Marble House Newport, RI Vanderbilt’s grandson Created by Katherine Lacks

29. John D. Rockefeller • 1839 – 1937 • Standard Oil • Considered richest man of all time

30. John D. Rockefeller • Grew up very poor in western NY • Became a bookkeeper • Started a small oil business in Cleveland, OH – Standard Oil • Republican, abolitionist • Devout Christian

31. John D. Rockefeller • Made a deal with Vanderbilt • Used horizontal integration to gain monopoly over oil industry • Kerosene lamps • Oil pipeline

34. John D. Rockefeller • Philanthropist • Tithed 10% of each paycheck • Gave millions to start numerous colleges: • University of Chicago • Spelman University (1st college from black women) • Central Philippine University • Rockefeller University (medical research)

36. Andrew Carnegie • 1835 – 1919 • First man to mass produce steel using the Bessemer Process • Federal Steel Co. (Pittsburgh), and many more • “built modern America”

37. Andrew Carnegie • Monopoly over steel production (bridges, first skyscrapers, railroads, etc) • Vertical immigration • Eventually sold Federal Steel Co. to JP Morgan (became US Steel) • Great philanthropist • gave an est. $4.6 billion to charity • “Gospel of Wealth”

38. Created by Katherine Lacks Carnegie Hall and Carnegie Hall Tower, Seventh Street, New York, NY

39. John Pierpont Morgan • 1837 – 1937 • Banking & finance

40. J.P. Morgan • Bought, financed, and formed many staple American companies: • US Steel • General Electric (GE) • American Telephone & Telegraph • Many, many more, including over 20 railroad companies

41. J.P. Morgan lived his life on a large scale, spending massive amounts of money, gambling, on “toys” like yachts, huge parties, palatial homes and art. One of his famous quotes, “If you have to ask how much it costs you can’t afford it”, typifies his beliefs about money. Created by Katherine Lacks

42. Captains of Industry? • Revolutionized American industry • Connected the country • Created 1000s of jobs • Gave millions to charity

43. Robber Barons? • Always looking for an edge to stay on top • Poor working conditions, long hours (pre-government regulation)