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The Diagnostic Paper

The Diagnostic Paper. Makoto Suzuki 2006. Abbreviations. BQ: Suspicious of Begging the Question NN: Not Necessary TA: Tautology “…if a certain criminal is so criminal in nature that it is punishable by death, such as murder, then capital punishment should be permissible.” ?: Not Clear

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The Diagnostic Paper

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  1. The Diagnostic Paper Makoto Suzuki 2006

  2. Abbreviations • BQ: Suspicious of Begging the Question • NN: Not Necessary • TA: Tautology • “…if a certain criminal is so criminal in nature that it is punishable by death, such as murder, then capital punishment should be permissible.” • ?: Not Clear • LOC: Lack of a Conjunctive (and, or, because etc.) • AR: Ambiguous Reference of Indexicals (that, this, they etc.) • AM: Ambiguous • UG: Ungrammatical

  3. Problems of Diction • “then” in place of “than” • “one’s self” in place of “oneself” • “it’s” in place of “its” • “there(s)” in place of “their(s)” • “with out” in place of “without” • “(Al)though” in place of “however” • “however” in place of “but” or “yet” • “to” in place of “too” • “weather” in place of “whether”

  4. Problems of Grammar and Style • Avoid dangling phrases (“However, being a privilege, I believe that...”) • Avoid putting an adverb between “to” and “verb” as much as possible. • Put proper punctuations. • “Programs and laws of certain types can help fight poverty for example unemployment offices help people find work every day searching far and wide for convinces and time conflict solutions.” • Avoid sentences longer than two lines. • If arguments get long, state your conclusions and directions first. • Avoid shortened expressions, such as “it’s”, “hasn’t”, “don’t” etc.

  5. Avoid lengthy phrases • “The morality of warfare should not be something that is really questionable.” • Omit phrases that you do not need.

  6. Fallacy 1: From “can” to “ought” • “If we are capable of coming up with a way to gain access to food, then we should be able to do it.” • We are capable of killing people, so should we be able to do it?

  7. Fallacy 2: Tu Quoque • Calling someone “a hypocrite” does not refute his or her position. • For example, a person who holds eating meat is wrong but still eats meat is a hypocrite. • However, this does not mean that his position is mistaken. • A person who murders someone might hold that we should not kill. He is a hypocrite, but his position is probably correct.

  8. Fallacy 3: Begging the Question • Reject religious arguments without stating reasons. • Give arguments merely based on the authority of religious texts.

  9. Distinguish Justification from Explanation • The causes you acquire your beliefs are not always justifications for them. • I perhaps get my beliefs on suicide from my upbringing, but the upbringing does not justify my beliefs.

  10. Next time, Check Facts! • Many people make factual suppositions and guesses without any reasons or data. • When you engage in rational discussion, you need refer to data or at least reasons why you think the supposition is plausible.

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