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Vimal Patel, George Thomson, Nick Wilson george.thomson@otago.ac.nz Department of Public Health,

Children and smokers in cars: Differences across two NZ city areas Oceania Conference - October 2011. Vimal Patel, George Thomson, Nick Wilson george.thomson@otago.ac.nz Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington. Aims.

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Vimal Patel, George Thomson, Nick Wilson george.thomson@otago.ac.nz Department of Public Health,

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  1. Children and smokers in cars: Differences across two NZ city areasOceania Conference - October 2011 Vimal Patel, George Thomson, Nick Wilson george.thomson@otago.ac.nz Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington

  2. Aims • To compare the point prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure in vehicles: • For areas: Between two areas of contrasting socioeconomic status in NZ • Over time: Between 2005 and 2011

  3. Background:SES difference in SHS exposure in NZ cars • In 2010 NZ survey of 14-15 yr students: • In four most deprived deciles 33% report exposure to SHS in cars • In two least deprived deciles 14% report exposure to SHS in cars • Most deprived 2.4 more exposed

  4. Methods • During Feb-April 2011 we observed in Wainuiomata and Karori • (high/low deprivation areas in Wellington, New Zealand)

  5. Observation sites WainuiomataKarori (low dep) (Deciles 7-9: (Deciles 1-4: 30% smoking) 11% smoking)

  6. What we observed • Smoking in vehicles • Whether the smokers were with: • others • children • (Later) Adults and children in all vehicles, to get vehicle occupancy rates per site

  7. Results • 149,886 vehicles were observed • Point prevalence of any smoking in cars: • 3.9 times more in Wainuiomata (high dep area) . • For vehicles with children: • 10.9 times greater in Wainuiomata

  8. Children and smoking in cars in 2011Karori vs. Wainuiomata

  9. Car smoking changes: 2005-2011 39% reduction in the low dep area - Karori (2.0% to 1.2%) 24% reduction in the high dep area – Wainuiomata (6.4% to 4.9%)

  10. Discussion • The SES gradients (3.9+ RR) were far greater than in survey (2.4 RR) and census (2.7 RR) data • Why? • Point prevalence v survey • One week recall problem for self-report survey? • Greater ‘normality’ affects survey report?

  11. Why use car observations? • A way to measure ‘private’ smoking: • Vehicles are uniquely: • confined and ‘private’ • observable from the outside • Helps triangulation of survey data

  12. Policy implications • Large and widening socioeconomic gulf in exposure to SHS in vehicles: • Need for more effective tobacco control efforts for those in SES deprived areas • Need for greater protection of children in cars • Children are influenced by the extent and normality of smoking around them

  13. Smokefree car laws • Support:In 2007–2008 survey of NZ smokers, 96% supported smokefree car regulation when young children were in the car (Thomson et al., 2008 121(1285):139-40) • Precedent:At least 11 states/provinces in Australia, Canada, and USA have smokefree car laws to protect children • Effect:After 2007 South Australia smokefree law, survey increase in smokefree cars with children: • 69% in 2005 to 82% in 2008 . (Hickling, Miller, & Hosking, Oceania Tobacco Control Conference. 2009: Darwin)

  14. Acknowledgements • Cancer Society of New Zealand for funding • The other observers: Catherine Jones, Losa Moata’ane, and Priyesh Patel • Dr James Stanley who provided statistical advice and support Contact: george.thomson@otago.ac.nz

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