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Types of Reactions

Types of Reactions. Synthesis Reaction. Elements or simple compounds combine to form a more complex compound A + B  AB Two elements form a binary compound Mg + Cl 2  MgCl 2 S 8 + 8O 2  8SO 2 A metal oxide reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide CaO + H 2 O  Ca(OH) 2

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Types of Reactions

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  1. Types of Reactions

  2. Synthesis Reaction • Elements or simple compounds combine to form a more complex compound • A + B  AB • Two elements form a binary compound Mg + Cl2 MgCl2 S8 + 8O2  8SO2 • A metal oxide reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide • CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 • Nonmetal oxides react with water to form an acid • SO2 + H2O H2SO3

  3. Decomposition Reaction • A single compound breaks down into simpler substances. • AB  A + B • A metal hydroxide decomposes into a metal oxide and water Ca(OH)2 CaO + H2O • An acid decomposes into a nonmetal oxide and water H2CO3 CO2 + H2O

  4. Decomposition Cont. • Decomposition of a metal carbonate produces a metal oxide and carbon dioxide • Na2CO3 Na2O + CO2 • A metal chlorate decomposes into oxygen and a metal chloride • 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2 • Binary compounds decompose into the elements that make up the compound • 2HgO  2Hg + O2

  5. Combustion Reactions • A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. CxHY + O2 CO2 + H2O • These reactions always have the same products and reactants except the hydrocarbon has different ratios of carbon and hydrogen.

  6. Single Displacement • An element replaces an ion in an ionic compound. • A + BX  B + AX • Y + AX  X + AY • Cu + AgNO3 Ag + CuNO3 • Cl2 + MgI2  I2 + MgCl2 • Active metals displace Hydrogen from water or an acid • Ca + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2 • Zn +2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

  7. Double Displacement • Two ionic compounds trade cations. • AX + BY  AY + BX • NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3 • An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water • NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O • These reactions produce either a solid, water or a gas.

  8. Activity Series • An element will replace an element in a compound that is below it on the activity series. • Metals above Ag will react with oxygen to form oxides • Metal oxides below Cu will decompose with heat

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