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CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS:. Synthesis Decomposition Single-Replacement Double-Replacement Combustion. Summary of Reaction Types. Type- Synthesis Reactions:. Generic Reaction X + Y-->XY

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CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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  1. CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

  2. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single-Replacement • Double-Replacement • Combustion

  3. Summary of Reaction Types

  4. Type- Synthesis Reactions: • Generic Reaction • X + Y-->XY • Definition-In this equation, X and Y can be compounds or elements. The result XY is a compound. Analogy- Like a marriage 2 Reactants form 1 Product 2 become one

  5. Summary of Reaction Types

  6. Examples of Real Synthesis Reactions: • 2Ba + O2 -->2BaO • 4Cu+ + O2 -->2Cu2O • 2Cu++ + O2 -->2CuO • 2H2 + O2 -->2H2O • C + O2 -->CO2 • 2Na + Cl2 -->2NaCl2

  7. Decomposition Reactions: • Generic formula of a decomposition reaction is: • XY --> X + Y • Decomposition reactions are opposite of synthesis reactions, 1 compound breaks down to 2 products Analogy-Like divorce 1 Reactant produces 2 Products

  8. Examples of Real Decomposition Reactions: • 2HgO --> 2Hg + O2 • 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2 • CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 • Cu(OH)2 --> CuO + H2O • 2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2H2SO4 --> SO3 + H2O

  9. Single Replacement Reactions: • one element replaces a similar element in a compound. • Generic formula • A + XY --> AY + X Aggressive metal wins 1 free element + compound  compound + 1 free element Like finding a new girl friend

  10. Single Replacement Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

  11. Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Metal Reactivity Chart Lassiter High School Most aggressive metal (woman) wins out H

  12. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu HgAg Pt Au Metal Reactivity Chart Most aggressive metal (woman) wins out

  13. Examples of Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2

  14. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn PbH Cu Ag PtAu Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Metal Reactivity Chart H

  15. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2

  16. Double-Replacement Reactions: • two compounds exchange places in a solution to form two new compounds. • Generic • AB + XY --> AY + XB Like switching partners in square dancing 2 compounds  2 compounds

  17. Examples of Real Double-Replacement Reactions: • Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI --> PbI2 + 2KNO3 • FeS + 2HCl --> H2S + FeCl2 • HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O

  18. Combustion Reactions: • When a substance combines with oxygen releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat, it is a combustion reaction. Oxygen is needed to Burn things. Generic Reaction C + O2 CO2 + H2o

  19. Examples of Real Combustion Reactions: • examples of combustion reactions • C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat • 2CH4 + 4O2  2CO2 + 4H2O + heat

  20. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: • Synthesis 2 reactants1 product (like marriage) • Decomposition 1 reactant 2 products (like divorce) • Single-Replacement (most aggressive element wins) • Double-Replacement (switch partners) • Combustion=Burning (need oxygen to burn things)

  21. Lab- Single Replacement Reaction Copper and silver nitrate Cu + Ag(NO3)2 Demonstration Zinc, Copper, and Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Chloride

  22. Lab- Single Replacement Reaction Copper and silver nitrate Cu + Ag(NO3)2 Ag + Cu(NO3)2 Demonstration Zinc, Copper, and Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Chloride

  23. “5 Reactions with 5 Pictures” Reaction Type 1- define or explain [picture] Reaction Type 3 define or explain [Picture] Reaction Type 5- Describe and explain [Picture] Reaction Type 2- define or explain [picture] Reaction type 4 - define or explain [picture]

  24. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: • Synthesis 2 reactants1 product (like marriage) • Decomposition 1 reactant 2 products (like divorce) • Single-Replacement (most aggressive element wins) • Double-Replacement (switch partners) • Combustion=Burning (need oxygen to burn things)

  25. Single Replacement Reactions: one element replaces a similar element in a compound. A + XY AY + X Most Aggressive metal wins 1 free element + compound  compound + 1 free element Like finding a new girl friend

  26. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag PtAu Metal Reactivity Chart Most aggressive metal (woman) wins out H

  27. Examples of Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2

  28. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn PbH Cu Ag PtAu Metal Reactivity Chart H

  29. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  30. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  31. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  32. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  33. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  34. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  35. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2 • Cu + FeSO4 

  36. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2 • Cu + FeSO4  N.R.

  37. Chemical Word Equations- the names of the reactants and products that are in a chemical reaction

  38. Chemical Word Equations- the names of the reactants and products that are in a chemical reaction Ex. Zinc and lead (II) nitrate react to form zinc nitrate and lead

  39. Chemical Word Equations- the names of the reactants and products that are in a chemical reaction Ex. Zinc and lead (II) nitrate react to form zinc nitrate and lead First write out skeleton equation Zn + Pb(NO3)  Zn(NO3) + Pb

  40. Chemical Word Equations- the names of the reactants and products that are in a chemical reaction Ex. Zinc and lead (II) nitrate react to form zinc nitrate and lead Next verify subscript formulas are correct Zn + Pb(NO3)  Zn(NO3) + Pb

  41. Chemical Word Equations- the names of the reactants and products that are in a chemical reaction Ex. Zinc and lead (II) nitrate react to form zinc nitrate and lead Next verify subscript formulas this is Correct Now! Zn + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Pb

  42. Chemical Word Equations- the names of the reactants and products that are in a chemical reaction Ex. 1 Zinc and lead (II) nitrate react to form zinc nitrate and lead Now we are ready to Balance the Equation this one happens to be Balanced already Zn + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Pb

  43. Ex. 2 Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas

  44. Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas AlBr + Cl2  AlCl + Br2

  45. Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas Verify formula subscripts AlBr + Cl2  AlCl + Br2

  46. Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas formula subscripts are correct! Now Balance AlBr3 + Cl2  AlCl3 + Br2

  47. Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas Balanced 2AlBr3 + 3 Cl2  2AlCl3 + 3 Br2

  48. Example from Lab a. Write and balance the chemical equation for the production of aqueous sodium nitrate and solid calcium carbonate (the precipitate), from the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with solid calcium nitrate.

  49. Example from Lab a. Write and balance the chemical equation for the production of aqueous sodium nitrate and solid calcium carbonate (the precipitate), from the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with solid calcium nitrate. Identify reactants and products and write out skeleton equation

  50. Example from Lab a. Write and balance the chemical equation for the production of aqueous sodium nitrate and solid calcium carbonate (the precipitate), from the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with solid calcium nitrate. Identify reactants and products and write out skeleton equation Na(CO3) + Ca(NO3) 

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