Review Day

1. Review Day Advanced US History Exam 1

2. Explain Jeffersonian Democracy/Philosophy. Strict interpretation of Constitution=weak central government Small government and less taxes Agricultural society Sided with the French Presidency with no trappings

3. Explain the Louisiana Purchase including the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory from Napoleon who needed money for war. Jefferson hired Meriwether Lewis who co-piloted with William Clark. Together they left in to find a northwest waterway to the Pacific. They also took the expedition for scientific purposes (to discover more plants, animals, weather patterns, and Indian tribes. Along the way they met Sacagawea who led as an interpreter. She brought great knowledge of natural survival skills to the Corps of Discovery which was of great assistance.

4. What was the significance behind the Marbury v. Madison case? Midnight judge was appointed as Adams was leaving office; Marshall was chief justice who oversaw case; talked about judicial review

5. What was British Impressment? British captured American ships and sailors; forced Americans to serve on British army

6. What was the Embargo Act of 1807? Jefferson chose to abandon all trade because Britain and France to threatening US ships

7. What were some of the causes of the War of 1812? US desired Spanish Florida (Spain and England allied) British impressment Secure a foreign market for US crops “War Hawks”

8. What are war hawks? A group of people who were strongly for fighting a war against Britain. They were outraged by British Impressment and thought that the only honorable way to combat the issue was go to war

9. What was the Hartford Convention? Opposition grows as war enters 1815 Federalists in New England meet Considered secession, listed grievances Right of nullification stated After New Orleans, convention looks absurd and the Federalists disappear

10. What was the Treaty of Ghent? Signed before the Battle of New Orleans Did NOT address impressment (the alleged cause of the war) No real changes from 1812 Simply stopped the fighting Led to other treaties

11. What was the Battle of New Orleans? Last major battle of the War of 1812 Took place January 8, 1815 American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson defeated the British army that was intent on taking New Orleans and Louisiana Territory. It is regarded as the greatest land victory during the War of 1812.

12. What were Washington’s credentials that made him a good candidate for the first President of the United States? Served As An Officer During The French & Indian War Served As Commander-in-Chief During The American Revolution Served Politically During The Constitutional Era

13. What was the Judiciary Act of 1789? An Act to establish the Judicial Courts of the United States

14. Washington set up a cabinet. What is a cabinet? A group of advisors Help the President to make informed decisions about crucial topics

15. When/what happened during the Battle of Fallen Timbers? 1794; American troops finally defeated Little Turtle and the Miami Indians

16. What was the Treaty of Greenville? Officially ended Indian uprisings; helped American settlers peacefully move west

17. What was the Jay Treaty of 1795? Negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay British would evacuate forts Small scale shipping would return America would remain neutral of French Affairs Commissions set up to negotiate U.S. to U.K. debt

18. What were the Barbary bribes? Washington bribed the Barbary pirates so they would stop attacking American ships and sailors

19. What was Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795? It helped to clear relations between the US and Spain It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

20. What was the Proclamation of Neutrality 1793? Officially drew the line for American involvement in Europe

21. What is the XYZ Affair? The Adams’ Administration Wanted To Negotiate With The French Three French Diplomats (X,Y,& Z) Demanded Huge Bribes Before Beginning Talks Finally Pushed Americans Away From French Support

22. What were the Alien/Sedition Acts? Series Of Four Separate Acts, 1798 Government Could Arrest & Deport Immigrants Who Spoke Against The Establishment

23. Q. What was the Tariff of 1816? A. Protective tariff Used to protect American goods Raised price on imports by 20-25%

24. Q. What was Henry Clay’s Plan for the “American System”? 3 main parts Strong banking industry Protective tariff Network of roads and canals

25. Q. Why was there a need for new transportation? Invasion of Canada failed due to lack of roads Better for trading purposes

26. Q. In 1817, Congress voted to provide states with $1.5 million for internal improvements? A. Direct federal support was strongly opposed because such outlets would drain the population and create competing states beyond the mountains

27. Q. What was one major success story pertaining to transportation? A. Erie Canal New York 1825

28. Q. Who was president during the so-called “Era of Good Feelings”? A. James Monroe

29. Why was Monroe’s presidency referred to as the “era of good feelings” when that was not necessarily true? Tranquility and prosperity did occur, but the issues of tariffs, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands were all contested during the time

30. What was the Panic of 1819? Economic panic Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded penthouses (debtors’ prison)

31. What were some contributing factors to the Panic of 1819? Over-speculation in frontier lands Bank of US involved in outdoor gambling Wildcat banks Foreclosed mortgages on farms

32. What was the “Ohio fever”? Settlers rushing to Ohio to buy cheap land

33. What was the Land Act of 1820? Authorized a buyer to purchase 80 untouched acres of land at $1.25 an acre in cash

34. What was the Tallmadge Amendment? No more slaves to be brought into the state Gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents already there

35. What was the Missouri Compromise? Congress allowed MO to become a slave state ME (originally part of MA) became its own free state Balance was kept equal (12 free, 12 slave 15 years) Future bondage was prohibited in remainder of LA Territory (boundary was Southern MO) North and South both win

36. What was the Treaty of 1818? Monroe administration negotiated treaty with Britain Pact permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries with Canadian cousins Also fixed vagueness of northern limits of Louisiana 49th parallel Lake of the Woods (MN) to Rocky Mountains Treaty provided a 10 year joint occupation of the untamed Oregon Country (no surrender of rights on either side)

37. What events helped the US the acquire Florida? Revolutions broke out in Argentina, Venezuela, and Chile

38. Why were European monarchs looking for allies? Why were they looking to the US? Tried to restore autocratic Spanish king to ancestral domains; US was a threat to British possessions in Caribbean

39. What was the Monroe Doctrine? 1823, 2 basic features 1. Non-colonization 2. Non-intervention

40. After the Monroe Doctrine was appraised what ideas were compiled to further explain the Doctrine? It was a “self-defense” doctrine Protection of US lands and against monarchy It was never made law It was a personal statement o Monroe’s policy and it deepened US isolationism