The Southern Colonies: European Settlement in America

1. Friday January 8,2016 Good Morning! Please pick up a handout from the front desk. 1. List the Southern Colonies

3. The Colonial Era Chapters 2 & 3

4. Why did Europeans come to the Americas? • The 3 G’s of Exploration: God – spread Christianity Gold– and other resources like silver & spices; also wealth & new markets for goods Glory – adventure, fame, and power

5. Who came to the Americas? • Explorers & settlers from… • England • Denmark • The Netherlands • France • Portugal • Russia • Spain • Think about it: Which groups settled in what is today the United States?

6. The English Colonies • What does that mean? • charter – certificate of permission • joint-stock company – business plan founded & run by a group of people who invest in the plan & share any money made (or lost) Delaware’s original royal charter

7. The English Colonies • Two Main Types of Colonies: • Royal – under the direct control of the Crown (monarch of England) • Proprietary – belonged to wealthy individuals or companies

8. The English Colonies • 1st English colony: Roanoke • Sir Walter Raleigh • island in Virginia (today NC coast) • twice settled & failed • Why? • ships had trouble landing • sandy, infertile soil

9. http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/what-happened-to-the-lost-colony-of-roanokehttp://www.history.com/news/ask-history/what-happened-to-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke

10. The Virginia Colony

11. What does this advertisement reveal about the Jamestown colony?

12. What are the advantages of this location? Disadvantages?

13. Virginia • Date founded: 1607 (1st proprietary, 1624 royal) • Founder/Group: Virginia Company • Reasons for Settlement: gain wealth for England and help with England’s population growth • Significant Facts: • Jamestown (1607) • Powhatan & Indian lands • John Smith • John Rolfe & Pocahontas • tobacco cultivation • House of Burgesses (1619) • Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

14. John Smith took control, forced colonists to farm, & negotiated with nearby Powhatan Indians “He who will not work, will not eat”

15. Jamestown Reading • Read document and answer the questions included in the reading.

16. Thursday August 6, 2015 • Welcome! • Please place your American Dream project in the blue chair in the front of the room. • Please take out your Jamestown packet from yesterday and continue working on the assignment.

17. What was life like in Jamestown. • http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown • Searching after the American Dream

18. Jamestown • Disease especially Malaria from mosquitoes in swamps • Hunger colonists too weakened by disease to farm • War with Indians under Powhatan’s leadership • Stake in the land colonistsowned and worked their own land • Tobacco Cultivation led by John Rolfe, wealth for England • Free Land got 50 acres if your paid for your passage (or someone else’s) Reasons for Struggle Reasons for Success/Growth

19. Virginia’s House of Burgesses Think about it… • What was the purpose of the House of Burgesses? representative body – people could make laws • Who could participate in it? male landowners over 17 years • What powers did it have? make laws and make taxes • What legacy/trend did it start? colonists making decisions for themselves

20. Social Hierarchy in the Chesapeake The owners of tobacco plantations Small farmers were the largest class; Came as indentured servants; most were very poor Tobacco was the basis of wealth & cause of social inequalities Indentured servants were often mistreated African slaves

21. Bacon’s Rebellion • Forced onto less fertile lands in interior b/c of population growth • War w/ Indians • Gov. William Berkeley taxed heavily & gave money to wealthy • Berkeley would not let settlers attack all Indians • Settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon rebelled (1676) – burned Jamestown • Bacon died & rebellion ended Causes Events Significance: showed poorer farmers would not put up w/ a gov’t that only helped wealthy

22. Maryland • Date founded: 1632 (proprietary colony) • Founder/Group: Lord Baltimore • Reasons for Settlement: create a refuge (safe place) for Catholics who were discriminated against • Significant Facts: • More Protestants settled here

23. Georgia • Date founded: 1732 (proprietary colony) • Founder/Group: James Oglethorpe • Reasons for Settlement: create a buffer to protect S. Carolina against Spanish Florida • Significant Facts: • Last of the 13 colonies • Set up as a haven for English debtors Because of Oglethorpe’s strict rules, it became royal colony in 1752

24. The English Colonies • Colony Chart Activity (part 2): • Read pages 50-52 • Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies: • Massachusetts (2 settlements) • Rhode Island New England Colonies New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

25. Massachusetts • Date founded: 1620 • Founder/Group: Pilgrims – William Bradford • Reason for Settlement: religious freedom • Significant Facts: • Mayflower Compact 1620 – doc. that established self-government • Date founded: 1630 • Founder/Group: Puritans – John Winthrop • Reason for Settlement: religious freedom, create an ideal society • Significant Facts: • Elected own governor – only ones that did so Plymouth Massachusetts Bay

26. Town Meetings

27. Mayflower Compact • Complete the reading • Select one to two main points from the reading and share with a partner. • As a group select the main point of the reading and share with the class.

28. Half-Way Covenant • Created by 1662 by New England Puritans • Form of partial church membership for children and grandchildren of full members • Goal: keep current members & attract new ones

30. Rhode Island • Date founded: 1636 • Founder/Group: Roger Williams • Reasons for Settlement: create a refuge for radical Puritans (religious dissenters) • Significant Facts: • Kicked out of Mass. Bay: • Williams – pay Indians for land • Anne Hutchinson – argued Mass. had not done enough to break from Anglican ways • Separation of church & state

31. New England Colonies: Key Events • Salem, Massachusetts • 1692 • Authorities tried, convicted, & executed 19 suspected witches • Ended when prominent citizens were accused • major Indian rebellion • 1675 • Indian chief Metacom (known as “King Phillip) blamed, but multiple tribes fought • Indians defeated & lost most of remaining land Salem Witch Trials King Phillip’s War

32. What might have caused the hysteria shown in this image?

33. New England:Town Meetings & Legislature Town Hall Meetings-conducted by local tax-paying citizens (males w/ property) to decide issues Massachusetts Legislature- • established by local towns to provide local leadership (not just the Crown) • 1684 - Mass. lost its charter & a new legislature established • Mass. became a royal colony in 1691

34. The English Colonies • Colony Chart Activity (part 3): • Read pages 55-59 • Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies: • New York • Pennsylvania • Work on this part INDIVIDUALLY Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

35. New York (New Netherland) • Date founded: 1625, taken by English in 1664 • Founder/Group: Dutch • Reasons for Settlement: guard the mouth of the Hudson River to protect fur trade; English wanted it to control trade • Significant Facts: • Dutch settlement – New Amsterdam later became city of New York • Tolerated other religious groups • Drew diverse group of colonists

36. Pennsylvania • Date founded: 1682 • Founder/Group: William Penn • Reasons for Settlement: debt paid to Penn by King Charles II of England; created to be a safe haven for Quakers • Significant Facts: • Quakers – followed “Inner Light” to understand Bible, men & women spiritually equal, pacifists, tolerated other faiths • Peace w/ local Indians

38. Comparing the English Colonies

39. Comparing Regional Cultures: Economy

40. Comparing Regional Cultures: Society

41. Colonial Comparison Chart • Now that you have completed the colonial comparison chart, turn your sheet over and complete the Venn Diagram using the information from the chart.

42. FRIDAY August 5th 2016 • Why did the Puritans and Quakers create their own new settlements? • Better soil for farming • More space between neighboring colonists • Religious freedom and tolerance • Better opportunities for trade

43. Furniture  • Weapons • Exotic furs  • Tools • Clothing  • Processed food  • Jewelry  • Books • Paper • Spices for cooking • Tea

44. What would happen if the colonies united? • What would happen if England could produce natural resources? • What would happen if England allowed the colonies to trade with other countries? • What would happen if there were no Middle colonies? • What would happen is the foundations of religion that were established in the New England colonies spread to the Southern Colonies?

45. Policies in the English Colonies

46. England’s Policies Toward Colonies • Government: salutary neglect – allowed colonies local self-rule • Economic: mercantilism – policy where a nation (mother country) gained wealth by exporting more manufactured goods than it imported; goal: get gold & silver through trade

47. August 8th 2016 1. Mercantilism was a system of trade designed to bring the most benefit to __?__ A. the economy of the mother country B. the consumers in the colonies C. slave owners in the South D. Spanish ship captains 2. Which of the following was NOT one of the 13 original English colonies in North America? A. Florida B. New Jersey C. Georgia D. Virginia

48. Slavery in the English Colonies

49. The Trans-Atlantic Trade • Three-part voyage called triangular trade • Middle Passage – forced transport of enslaved Africans from W. Africa to Americas; cramped ships, suffered inhumane treatment = 10% died (pages 68-69)

50. Slavery in the Colonies • Cause: Southern Colonies needed plantation workers • First used indentured servants European immigration declined by 1660s • First treated like indentured servants – given freedom • By mid-1600s laws to support permanent enslavement