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AP European History Review Session #1

AP European History Review Session #1. the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Age of Exploration. Overview. the Middle Ages – what were they really like? the Birth of the Modern World the Renaissance and the widespread use of the printing press the rise of the nation state

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AP European History Review Session #1

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  1. AP European HistoryReview Session #1 the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Age of Exploration

  2. Overview • the Middle Ages – what were they really like? • the Birth of the Modern World • the Renaissance and the widespread use of the printing press • the rise of the nation state • the Reformation • discovery of the New World

  3. the Middle Ages • characteristics • were they really “dark”? • important pre-Renaissance artists • Dante • Giotto

  4. the Renaissance • where and why did it begin? • how was Renaissance art and thought similar to the works of the Middle Ages? How were they different? • Italian Renaissance • Early Renaissance (1400-1500) • High Renaissance (1500-1520) • Late Renaissance/Mannerism (1520-1600) • Northern Renaissance (Holland and Flanders) • why did it spread? the PRINTING PRESS • features/differences from Italian Renaissance • Christian Humanism and Mysticism

  5. Elements of Renaissance Art • individualism • anatomy • perspective • humanism • classicism • youth • learning and reason • nature

  6. the Renaissance Key People (not a comprehensive list) • Artists • Raphael • Leonardo • Botticelli • Michelangelo • Authors • Petrarch • Boccaccio • Castiglione • Machiavelli • Northern Renaissance • Erasmus • Shakespeare • Dürer • van Eyck

  7. the Rise of Nation States • which nation states began to form during this period? Why them, why not others? • Spain • Ferdinand and Isabelle • 1492 • colonization (more in a minute) • France • end of the Hundred Years War  nationalism and economic prosperity • key figures: Francis I, Henri IV, Richelieu, Louis XIII, Mazarin and Louis XIV • England • Wars of the Roses • Tudor Dynasty – Henry VII, Henry VIII, Elizabeth I • how did the growth of these nation states effect Europe? the rest of the world?

  8. the Reformation Causes • corruption of the Church: simony, indulgences, etc. • impact of Humanism • decline of prestige for the Papacy • impact of earlier religious reformer (Wycliffe, Hus) • increasing power/desire for power of secular rulers • invention of the PRINTING PRESS

  9. the Reformation Key People/Events • Tetzel • Luther • 95 Theses (1517) • tenets • protection by Frederick the Wise • Diet of Worms (1521) • Peasants War (1524-1526) • Anglican Church (created 1534) and the abolition of the monasteries • Calvin – predestination and church government • Huguenots (French Calvinists) • Presbyterians (Scottish Calvinists) • Puritans (English Calvinists)

  10. the Counter Reformation Key People/Events • St. Ignatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (1540) • Spanish and Italian Inquisitions • Index of Prohibited Books (1542) • Council of Trent (1545-1563) • faith and works • transubstantiation • Bible and the traditions of the Church • Peace of Augsburg (1555) – Cuius regio, eius religio

  11. Results of the Reformation • split of western Christendom (north and south) • Protestant work ethic  America • increased nationalism – loyalty to national churches • Age of Religious Wars • Peasants War (1524-1525) • Spain vs. England (key date: 1588) • French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) – Edict of Nantes • Dutch Revolt a.k.a. The Eighty Years War (1568-1648) • The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) • phases (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French) • the Peace of Westphalia • Results

  12. the Age of Exploration • causes of exploration? causes of colonization? are they different? • factors that facilitated exploration and colonization? in other words, why didn’t it happen until the late 1400s… • key people/events • results of colonization? • more to come next time…

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