What was the Industrial Revolution?

2. What was the Industrial Revolution? • The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machine

3. The Industrial Revolution • Machines were invented which replaced human labor • New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene) • Increased use of metals and minerals • Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.

4. Developments • Mass production of goods • Increased numbers of goods • Increased diversity of goods produced • Development of factory system of production • Rural-to-urban migration • People left farms to work in cities • Development and growth of new socio-economic classes • Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class • Research and development • Investments in new technologies • Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth

5. Why the Industrial Revolution Started in England

6. Steam Engines • Factory were built near rivers because water was une of the most important source at the time. • Factories were near raw materials, workers, and ports • Cities grew around the factories and the most important industrial cities were Liverpool and Manchester

7. Increases in Coal and Iron Production, 1770-1800 • With the Industrial Revolution the production of coal and iron doubled

8. Transportation After the Industrial Revolution • Trains • Steamships • Trolleys • Automobiles

13. The Second Industrial Revolutions • The second Industrial Revolution was from 1870 to 1960 • The Second Industrial Revolution takes place in England, Germany, Japan, and Russia • Electricity became the primary source of power for factories, farms, and houses • Use of electrical power enter the marketplace (electric lights, radios, fans, television sets)

14. Transportation • Railroads • Great Britain – Cape-to-Cairo railroad vertically across Africa • Canals • Suez Canal (1869) – provided access to the Indian Ocean from the Mediterranean Sea without the need to sail around Africa • Kiel Canal (1896) – North Sea connected to the Baltic Sea • Panama Canal (1914) – provided access from one side of the Americas to the other without the need to sail around the tip of South America • They connected Britain with the other continents

16. Economic Changes: • Mass production made manufactured goods less expensive, so more people could afford them • Standard of living wasn’t as good as before, because they earned less money.

18. Most important Acts in the Victorian Age 1. The children's act 2. The Factory Act 4. The Mines Act 5.The Ten hours Act 3. The poor law 6. Reform Act

19. The great exhibition 1851 It was the most and first important exhibition of the world about industries and culture. It was made in Hyde Park in London.

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