Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations

1. Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations Chapter 16

2. Objectives • Understand the roles of advertising, sales promotion, and public relations in the promotion mix. • Know the major decisions involved in developing an advertising program.

3. Objectives • Learn how sales promotion campaigns are developed and implemented. • Learn how companies use public relations to communicate with their publics.

4. A few years ago, only 13% of U.S. recognized AFLAC Old ads: “warm and fuzzy” similar to other insurance ads Goal: break through advertising clutter 1999: AFLAC developed the “duck” campaign to enhance brand awareness Incredibly successful: name recognition is now 91%; sales growth of 30% each year campaign has run c AFLAC

5. Definition • Advertising • Any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

6. Advertising • Signage in ancient times offers evidence of early advertising. • Modern ad spending tops $231 billion in U.S. annually, $500 billion worldwide.

7. Advertising • Business firms, not-for-profit firms, social agencies, and professionals such as doctors and lawyers all advertise.

8. Figure 16-1: Major Advertising Decisions

9. Advertising objectives can be classified by primary purpose: Inform Introducing new products Persuade Becomes more important as competition increases Comparative ads Remind Most important for mature products Advertising Key Decisions: • Setting objectives • Setting the budget • Developing the advertising strategy • Evaluating advertising campaigns

10. Comparative advertising can be extremely persuasive

11. Do these ads attempt to inform, persuade, or remind? How effective are these ads?

12. Methods of budget setting were listed in chapter 15 Several factors should be considered when setting the ad budget: Stage in the PLC Market share Level of competition Ad clutter Degree of brand differentiation Advertising Key Decisions: • Setting objectives • Setting the budget • Developing the advertising strategy • Evaluating advertising campaigns

13. Creative challenges Media fragmentation Soaring media costs Advertising clutter Creating ad messages Message strategy Creative concept Advertising appeal Message execution Many execution styles Tone, format, illustration, headline, copy Advertising Key Decisions: • Setting objectives • Setting the budget • Developing the advertising strategy • Evaluating advertising campaigns

14. Slice of Life Lifestyle Fantasy Mood or Image Testimonial Evidence or Endorsement Advertising Creative Execution Styles • Musical • Personality Symbol • Technical Expertise • Scientific Evidence

15. Discussion Question When does advertising pass the boundaries of good taste? Can you think of some examples? Should marketers be concerned about the opinions of anyone other than the target market? Why or why not?

16. Celebrity endorsers may be movie stars, politicians, sports stars, or other public personalities Testimonials feature ordinary people who talk about their product experiences

17. Select advertising media Decide on level of reach, frequency and impact Choose among the major media types by considering: Consumer media habits, nature of the product, types of messages, and costs Select specific media vehicles Decide on media timing Advertising Key Decisions: • Setting objectives • Setting the budget • Developing the advertising strategy • Evaluating advertising campaigns

18. TIVO is one example of how technology presents challenges to media planners. With TIVO, consumers can easily zap ads. TIVO

19. Media planners for Absolut vodka work with creatives to design ads targeted to specific audiences. The ad at left appears in theater playbills.

20. Newspapers Television Direct Mail Advertising Major Media Types • Radio • Magazines • Outdoor • Internet

21. Marketers are increasingly using alternate forms of media to reach their target markets. What other examples can you think of besides those shown below?

22. Discussion Question Reddi Wip is one product whose media strategy includes heavy ad expenditures prior to Thanksgiving. What types of products would benefit from a media flighting strategy?

23. Measuring communications effects Copy testing Consumer recall Product awareness Product knowledge Product preference Measuring sales effect Past vs. current sales comparison Experimentation Advertising Key Decisions: • Setting objectives • Setting the budget • Developing the advertising strategy • Evaluating advertising campaigns

24. Advertising • Organizing the Advertising Function • Small vs. large companies • Nature of advertising agencies • Advantages of advertising agencies • Departments • Compensation • Changes in agency services

25. Advertising • Advertising to International Markets • Advantages of standardizing worldwide advertising: • Lower advertising costs • Greater global ad coordination • Consistent global image

26. Advertising • Advertising to International Markets • Drawbacks to standardizing worldwide advertising: • Ignores differences in demographics and economic conditions • Ignores differences in culture

27. U.S., Thai, & German websites reflect the worldwide Jeep brand image of ruggednessand reliability

28. Advertising • Advertising to International Markets • Most marketers think globally but act locally

29. Definition • Sales Promotion • Sales Promotions are short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service.

30. Sales Promotion • Sales Promotions • Can be targeted at final buyers, retailers and wholesalers, business customers, and members of the sales force. • The use of sales promotions has been growing rapidly.

31. Sales Promotion • Objectives – Consumer Promotions: • Increase short-term sales • Generate product trial

32. Samples Cash Refunds (Rebates) Price packs (cents-off deals) Advertising Specialties Sales Promotion Consumer Promotion Tools • Premiums • Patronage Rewards • Point-of-Purchase Communications • Contests, Games, and Sweepstakes

33. Checkout direct offers marketers an excellent opportunity to reach users of the competition Coupons are only issued to those who purchase specific brands

34. Sales Promotion • Objectives – Trade Promotions: • Obtaining distribution and shelf space • Encouraging retailers to advertise the brand

35. Sales Promotion • Objectives – Sales Force Promotions: • Signing up new accounts • Stimulating sales of specific items

36. Sales Promotion • Trade Promotion Tools • Discounts (also called price-offs, off-list, and off-invoice discounts) • Allowances • Advertising allowances • Display allowances • Free goods • Push money • Specialty advertising items

37. Sales Promotion • Business Promotion Tools • Includes many of the same tools used in trade and consumer promotions • Two additional tools: • Conventions & trade shows • Sales contests

38. Sales Promotion • Key Decisions When Developing the Sales Promotion Program: • Size of the incentive • Conditions for participation • Promotion and distribution of the actual sales promotion program • Length of the promotional program • Evaluation • Surveys and experiments can be used

39. Definition • Public Relations: • Building good relations with the company’s various publics by obtaining favorable publicity, building up a good corporate image, and handling or heading off unfavorable rumors, stories, and events.

40. Press Relations Product Publicity Public Affairs Public Relations Public Relations Functions • Lobbying • Investor Relations • Development

41. Public Relations • Role & Impact of Public Relations • Advantages: • Strong impact on public awareness at a lower cost than advertising • Greater credibility than advertising • Publicity is often underused • Good public relations can be a powerful brand-building tool

42. News Speeches Corporate Identity Materials Mobile Marketing Public Relations Public Relations Tools • Special Events • Written Materials • Audiovisual Materials • Public Service Activities

43. Public Relations Tie-in: Sponsorships relate to special events Types of Sponsorships: Sports sponsorships Entertainment, tours, and attractions Festivals, fairs, and annual events Cause-related marketing Arts Special Events: SponsorshipsIn-Depth • Sponsorship Trends: • 2001: $9.5 billion spent • Reasons for Growth: • Avoids clutter • Cost efficient / effective • Gains constituencies’ approval • Enhances brand equity • Allows for lifestyle or geographic targeting

44. Selecting Sponsorship Events -- Consider: Is it consistent with brand image or will it benefit the brand image? Does it offer a strong probability of reaching the target audience? Does the event complement existing sponsorships and other IMC efforts? Special Events: SponsorshipsIn-Depth • Selecting Sponsorship Events -- Consider: • Is the event cluttered by many other sponsors? • Is the event economically viable? • Has the competition previously sponsored the event? Is there a risk of confusing the target audience as to the sponsor’s identity?

45. Discussion Question If you were responsible for marketing an anti-aging cream to baby boomers, what events or causes would you choose to sponsor (local or national) and why?