Energy Storage Systems – Thermal

1. Energy Storage Systems – Thermal Sub-Program Coordinator: Reda Djebbar, Ph.D., P.Eng NRCanCanmetENERGY-Ottawa PERD Built Environment Technology Area Year-End Meeting June 12th & 13th, 2014

2. Overview – Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Sub- Program Objectives: • Increase utilization of local intermittent energy sources, such as solar energy, for space and water heating in Canadian homes, buildings and communities. • Increase integration of advanced thermal energy storage in buildings for energy efficient space and water heating • Reduce significantly fossil fuel use for residential space and water heating by 75-100% Tasks: • Enabling tools for TES implementation • Advanced TES materials • TES utilization case studies • TES technology field trial support • Update of weather design input datasets

3. Overview – Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Sub- Program Task E: Update of weather design input datasets Objectives • Annual updates of satellite-derived gridded solar irradiance data (hourly global on a horizontal surface and direct normal values) from State University of New York (SUNY) • Updated CWEEDS and CWEC files based on availability of updated satellite-derived solar irradiance gridded data sets, and improved MAC3 model for appropriate years and stations • Annual update of comparisons between in-situ, satellite- and NWP (numerical weather prediction)-derived solar data with recommendations for increasing utility of the NWP data for the energy sector. • Update and publish updated information products such as maps and detailed climatic summaries.

4. Team, Major Partners and Collaborators • NRCan • Doug McClenahan, Bruce Sibbitt, Reda Djebbar; Evgueniy Entchev, Wahiba Yaci, Mohamed Ghorab, Martin Thomas, Mark Douglas, Mike Lubun, Jeremy Sager, Gord Mackenzie • PWGSC: • Paul Sra, Jeff Moffat • Environment Canada: • Philip Jarrett, Robert Morris, Sharon Stone

5. Team, Major Partners and Collaborators Industry: • LeidosCanada, ATCO Gas, ATCO Gas (Yukon Electrical Company Limited), Thermo Dynamics, TESS-USA, Clean Power Research Inc-USA, Solites-Germany, Ecologix, Kamstrup. Academia: • NSERC- Smart Net Zero Energy Buildings Research Network (Queens University and EcolePolytechnique), Concordia University, Hydro Quebec Other Partners: • IEA Energy Conservation through Energy Storage (ECES), Exova,Gagest

6. Progress and Achievements A - Enabling Tools for TES Implementation • Further development of in-house simulation tools applicable for smart thermal grids investigation using: • TRNSYS, • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and • Artificial Neural Network (ANN), • Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) • ANN and ANFIS methods can be used to: • Estimate the performance of complex energy systems. • Develop applications for predictive performance monitoring system, condition monitoring, fault detection and diagnosis of TES.

7. Progress and Achievements -Continued B - Advanced TES Materials • Created a Design Tool for selecting PCM impregnated Wallboard • A 3D numerical model was developed and validated with laboratory measurements to simulate the behaviour of an air-PCM heat exchanger (Hx). • An experimentally validated model was developed to analyze the thermal performance of a water tank integrated with PCM.

8. Progress and Achievements - Continued C- TES Utilization Case Studies: C.1) Implementation of Large Scale Solar BTES Seasonal Storage in Various Geographical Locations and in Retrofit Applications: • Whistle Bend Community-Yukon Detailed feasibility study completed • King’s Edgehill School-Nova Scotia feasibility study nearly complete

9. Progress and Achievements - Continued C-TES Utilization Case Studies: C.2) Development and Testing of New System Components for Large Scale Solar Seasonal Storage System Applications in Canada – Overview: • Large area collector modules have been used to achieve significant cost reductions (hardware & installation) in large European systems (e.g. Dronniglund 165 €/m2). • Improved low temperature air handlers show promise of improved performance & reliability and reduced electricity consumption. • Wireless heat metering should allow lower operating costs for the utility and ease of capturing additional data

10. Progress and Achievements - Continued Task C- TES Utilization Case Studies: • C.2) Development and Testing of New System Components for Large Scale Solar Seasonal Storage System Applications in Canada: • Decision to replace outdoor tracker approach with stationary-collector transient test method (in ISO and EN collector standards) • Equipment changes necessary to test large modules were identified and purchased • Batteries in all 52 DLSC heat meters replaced with AC power supplies suitable for wireless operation and to simplify future maintenance. • Initial wireless testing performed in Guelph.

11. Progress and Achievements - Continued Task C- TES Utilization Case Studies: C.3) Evaluation of Alternate Designs for Cost -Effective High-Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage Applications in Canada: • Optimization of a Low Temperature Solar District Heating System by Integrating Space and Domestic Hot Water Loads • Comparison of the case where DHW is provided by standalone SDHW as in Drake Landing versus when provided by solar district heating system Drake Landing District Loop Temperature Solar "sterilization" of the DL.

12. Progress and Achievements - Continued Task C.3) - Optimization of a Low Temperature Solar District Heating System by Integrating Space and Domestic Hot Water Loads: • Whistle Bend 200 home Community-Yukon • 15$/GJ lower LLCC (~15% better) with combined space and DHW system versus space heating only system • Drake Landing 52 home Community • Both approaches, standalone SDHW and DHW provided by the SDH, offer similar cost/performance. • No clear winner for the particular case of the Drake Landing system reference case TRNSYS Parametric AnalysisIntegrated Space and DHW

13. Key Deliverables and Outcomes for FY 2013-2014 Task B - Advanced TES Materials • A best Practice Guide for Engineers and Architects was developed titled “Applying Energy Storage in Buildings of the future” • PCM integration in Building Envelope • PCM integration in Central Mechanical Ventilation System • PCM integration in Domestic Hot Water Storage Tanks • Detailed Final Report on the research projects and work completed for IEA Annex 23 titles “ Applying Energy Storage in Ultra Low Energy buildings”

14. Key Deliverables and Outcomes for FY 2013-2014 Task C – TES Utilisations case studies • Feasibility study for the City of Whitehorse solar BTES seasonal storage is now completed • Results were presented to the City Council members. IRR (internal rate of returns) estimates ranged from 0.8 to 6.4%. • These results were very well received by the City officials and they voted to support the project as one of their top five strategic projects to seek funding support • Underground hydrothermal properties characterisation • Building a project team

15. Key Deliverables and Outcomes for FY 2013-2014 TES Sub-Program Stats – Year 2 PERD Cycle Task D - TES technology field trial support • Drake Landing documentation has been supplied to the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Task 45 as a best practice seasonal storage project example. • System documentation and data were also provided in support of a simplified solar seasonal storage model development by the Spanish team Task E - Update of weather design input datasets • The full set of SUNY data from 1998 – 2013 has been updated with the latest version of the SUNY model. • Monthly files created using 2013 model were compared with observations - the results are show low overall GHI bias (0.35%).

16. Challenges and Issues • Project team members retirement & offices move, ongoing re-organisation at both NRCan and Environment Canada

17. Key Tasks for 2014-15 Task A – Enabling tools for TES Implementation • Finalise the development simulation tool applicable for smart thermal grids investigation in TRNSYS 17 • Develop thermal grid topology (ies) integrating a range of seasonal and short thermal storages Task B - Advanced TES materials • Complete Lab Repairs and facilitate full functionality of Test Station to enable Results generation. • Cool Thermal Storage: • Finalizing the technology profile document. • Develop a tool to screen the suitability of a project or building for the application of cool thermal storage This will improve the ability for building owners and designers to apply cool thermal storage in their buildings and projects.

18. Key Tasks for 2014-15 Task C - TES Utilization Case Studies • Finalize King’s-Edgehill School solar retrofit pre-feasibility study for application to ACOA fund • Initiate Feasibility study for Large scale project in Alberta for application to CCEMC fund • Implement required upgrades at the NSTF & begin testing large solar collector modules • Perform wireless heat meter tests with improved central antena and filter. • First at Guleph and then implement 5 house wireless test at DLSC • Development of a cost model for aquifer storage solar district heating system for a comparison with BTES solar seasonal storage. • Technical economical analysis will be carried-out for a selected base case community(ies). • Hold discussions with Ecologix and Vortex CEOs to identify best path to Air Handler prototype Example of Two-WellAquifer TES SeasonalOperation

19. Thank You