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At The Bell Tues 9/21

At The Bell Tues 9/21. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . . ."

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At The Bell Tues 9/21

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  1. At The Bell Tues 9/21 The First Amendment of the United States Constitution states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . . ." This essentially outlines the required separation of church and state (or religion influencing politics) in the United States • What are the advantages/disadvantages to the separation of church and state?

  2. What was the Byzantine Empire? • The eastern half of the Roman Empire, based in Constantinople, founded by Emperor Constantine in 300 C.E. • Moved the capital East to resist the threat of invasions by Germanic tribes • Officially divided from the Western portion in 395 • After the fall of the western Roman Empire (by 500 C.E.), Byzantine Empire lasted for another 900 years.

  3. Why study the Byzantine Empire? • Left a beautiful legacy of art and architecture, particularly the city of Constantinople (now Istanbul) • Gave the world the Eastern Orthodox religion, the first split in Christianity (1000 A.D.) • Gave the world the Cyrillic alphabet which is used today in Russia and many parts of eastern Europe • Influenced the development of Russia • Introduced the concept of caesarpapism: combination of head of government and religion

  4. Emperor Justinian 527 CE

  5. Emperor Justinian 527 CE • Justinian became emperor and built up an army to regain control of Italy • Military campaigns regained much of former Roman Empire • Developed Justinian Code (legal system) based on the laws of ancient Rome • Built up Constantinople as imperial city with walls, a palace, public baths, courts, schools, hospitals and churches. • Justinian rebuilt the famous church of Hagia Sophia

  6. What was the Hagia Sophia? • In Greek: “Holy Wisdom” • A classical example of Byzantine architecture • Largest cathedral in the world for 1000 years and religious focal point for Eastern Orthodox Church • Justinian used it to glorify connection between government and religion (caesarpapism) • In 1453 – Constantinople was taken by the Seljuk Turks and the Hagia Sophia was converted to a mosque

  7. Hagia Sophia

  8. Byzantine Architecture

  9. Why might Christianity develop differently in western and eastern parts of Roman Empire? • Distance between Rome and Constantinople meant traditions developed differently • Byzantines spoke Greek instead of Latin • Eastern Orthodox Church was led by a patriarch, not the pope in Rome • Slowly the churches grew apart – final split (or schism) took place in 1054

  10. Why did the Byz. Empire Decline? • Bubonic Plague between 500-700 CE • Attacks from both east and west – land shrank • Crusaders sack the city of Constantinople in 1200 • Ottoman Turks take Constantinople in 1453

  11. Crusader Sack of Constantinople

  12. Horses at St. Marks Basilica in Venice

  13. Ottomans take Constantinople 1453

  14. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00swmjs

  15. What would Vladimir Do?

  16. KievanRus in 1054

  17. Byzantine Influence on Russia • Prince Vladimir of Kiev converted to Orthodox Christianity 900 CE and ordered all subjects to also • Russia adopts Cyrillic alphabet • Russian architecture takes inspiration from Byzantine architecture • Russian leader - head of both church and state

  18. Kremlin

  19. Video Recap • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/27304-civilizations-in-conflict-the-byzantine-empire-video.htm • Byzantine Art, Architecture and Music • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01nkXRxKyh0&feature=related

  20. Art, Architecture, and Music of Byzantine Empire • As you listen to music and watch clip of art and architecture, note the following • What is the combined impact of the art and music? • What do you think the Byzantines cared about based on their art and architecture? • What else can you tell about their society? • What is similar or different than in Islamic art?

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