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20 th century Iran

20 th century Iran. Westoxication & the Revolution. *see notes pages for more info on some slides. Gharbzadeg or Westoxication Push and Pull of the Modernization. Source: Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_middle_east/iran_timeline.jpg.

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20 th century Iran

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  1. 20th century Iran Westoxication & the Revolution *see notes pages for more info on some slides

  2. Gharbzadeg or Westoxication Push and Pull of the Modernization Source: Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_middle_east/iran_timeline.jpg

  3. 1938 Time Magazine Cover Story – “20th Century Darius” The Pahlavi Dynasty - the Mythic Persian Conqueror, though looking very Western in this photo. Grows increasingly autocratic rather than constitutional as the 1905-1911 crisis dictated he should.

  4. Westoxication = fear of continued political, economic, and cultural subordination to the West

  5. Central problem of early modern Persia - How does one keep this land united? • Safavid used State-sponsored Shi’ism • Qajar monarchs allowed semi-feudal regionalism in exchange for • support of their title (in name only) • Pahlavis attempt to create an historic sense of Persian identity • based on pre-Islamic civilization.

  6. White Revolution – Western style modernization Promises never quite meet the reality of rural life. Leads to further feelings of Westoxication as traditional culture is viewed as one target of Shah’s reforms by conservative Clerics such as Ayatollah Khomeini

  7. Westoxication = royal decadence financed by oil wealth

  8. Persepolis – October, 1971 Festivities cost est. $500 million* *Source: Geoffrey Wawro, Naval College Review Vol. LV, No.1, Winter 2002. Image Sources: http://badraie.com/parade.htm http://blogs.salon.com/0001301/2003/03/15.html

  9. The Sides according to the Revolutionaries Vs. The West (materialism & immorality) SAVAK (tyranny & torture) Islam (morality & duty) Iran (independence & pride)

  10. Electorate Element of theocracy introduced into the democratic process to ensure that un-Islamic abuses (ie. Westoxication) does not happen Power Structure of Iran post 1979 Revolution Supreme Leader

  11. Women and Youth in Post-Revolutionary Iran Are they ardent supporters, wavering adherents, or adamant opponents? Source: BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/04/middle_east_iran_hostage_crisis/html/1.stm

  12. Progress Stagnation Women dominate in lower level posts In line with global patterns, exceptional compared to many Islamic nations, but does it meet the expectations of those who supported the Revolution? Source: Women’s Socio-Cultural Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran http://www.iranwomen.org/zanan/english/statis.htm

  13. Women & “Islamic Dress” Chador – flowing outer garment that covers the hijab (headscarf), blouse, and skirt. Used to conform with Islamic dress codes for women in public post 1979. Source: BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2936772.stm In Spring of 2006, Ayatollah Khamenei Upholds prohibition barring women from attending soccer matches. These women watch through a fence. Source: Seattle Post-Intelligencer http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/othersports/2050AP_SOC_Iran_Female_Soccer_Fans.html

  14. 1990 & 2000s Generation born after the revolution is in its twenties. Is it still relevant to them? Source: http://www.iranian.com/Covers/2004/August/aug20.jpg

  15. Youth Unemployment 1997-2002 70% of population is under 30 in 2006 The Revolution seems like their parents’ past to many. The present is about the lack of opportunity to a great number. Source: Iranian Youth Today http://www.nyoir.org/ENG/Iranian-Youth-Today-Employment.htm

  16. May 24th, 2006 Student Riots in Tehran Triggered by dismissal of reformist professors and interference in university affairs by militia groups (conservative forces)

  17. former president (mixed) conservative reformist reformist Election of 2005 - controversial referendum on reform vs. hard-line revolutionaries Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2005 "Do you think you are dealing with a 4-year-old child to whom you can give some walnuts and chocolates and get gold from him?" “Iran's achievements in all fields further motivates the vigilance of the world's free and independent nations, which eventually will lead to the downfall of the global arrogance" Source: http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/05/25/iran.nukes/index.html *see notes pages

  18. Rattle the saber a bit, and unemployment and the culture police might be forgotten, but for how long?????

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