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EARTHQUAKES

EARTHQUAKES. Week 2. EARTHQUAKES. What to explore this week: Predictablity Linkages Disastrous consequences Impact of human activity Minimizing the impact. Earthquake Terminology. What causes earthquakes?. Elastic Rebound Sources of stress Plate Tectonics Other stresses. Magnitude

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EARTHQUAKES

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  1. EARTHQUAKES Week 2

  2. EARTHQUAKES What to explore this week: • Predictablity • Linkages • Disastrous consequences • Impact of human activity • Minimizing the impact

  3. Earthquake Terminology

  4. What causes earthquakes? • Elastic Rebound • Sources of stress • Plate Tectonics • Other stresses

  5. Magnitude one per earthquake related to energy released Richter or Moment scale Intensity many for each earthquake measure of effects Mercalli scale Measurement

  6. Damage: Causes • Ground motion • Duration of Shaking • Surface Rupture • Poor building design

  7. Effects • Rupture • Death • Bldg collapse

  8. Effects • Fires • Liquifaction • Landslides

  9. Damage: Key Factors • Amount & duration of shaking • Water content of soil • Population concentration • Building construction • Distance from Epicenter • Depth of focus • Direction of rupture • Material amplification

  10. Addressing the Hazard • Identify areas at risk • Forecast

  11. Addressing the Hazard • Structural adaptations • Warning systems

  12. EARTHQUAKES • In what ways are earthquakes predictable? • To what other hazards are earthquakes linked? • What are the potentially disastrous consequences of earthquakes? • In what ways has human activity made earthquake hazards catastrophic? • How can the hazardous consequences of earthquakes be minimized?

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