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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. sun. light energy. . CO 2. +. H 2 O. +. +. O 2. C 6 H 12 O 6. glucose. H 2 O. ATP energy. +. . +. +. O 2. CO 2. H 2 O. C 6 H 12 O 6. even though this equation is a bit of a lie … it makes a better story. Energy cycle.

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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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  1. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

  2. sun light energy  CO2 + H2O + + O2 C6H12O6 glucose H2O ATP energy +  + + O2 CO2 H2O C6H12O6 even thoughthis equationis a bit of a lie…it makes a better story Energy cycle Photosynthesis plants CO2 O2 animals, plants Cellular Respiration ATP The Great Circleof Life,Mufasa!

  3. ATP • ATP is biological energy • ATP + water  ADP + P = energy • When you break the bond you get energy • ATP = stored energy • ADP = used energy

  4. ATP energy  + + + C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O Cellular Respiration • Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 38 ATP produced Glucose

  5. Oxygen required 2 ATP needed Cytoplasm If no oxygen is present then fermentation occurs CO2 released 2 ATP produced 34 ATP produced 4 ATP produced

  6. Glycolysis(occurs in cytoplasm) • Break down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules • Glucose has 6 carbon • Pyruvate has 3 carbon • No oxygen in required (anaerobic) • Needs 2ATP to happen • Generates 4ATP • Net gain of 2ATP at the end of the process

  7. After Glycolysis • If oxygen is present, pyruvate moves to mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs. • If not oxygen is present, pyruvate is used for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.

  8. Cellular respiration occurs in two steps • Kreb’s cycle or citric acid cycle • Produced 2ATP • Electron transport chain • Produced 34 ATP Both processes require oxygen and occur in the mitochondria

  9. Kreb’s cycle • Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make • Carbon dioxide • NADH • ATP • FADH2 • 4 ATP are produced for immediate use for cell processes • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain to make more energy • CO2 is released from the cell

  10. Electron transport chain • The ETC used high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP. • ETC is composed of a series of carrier proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • Water is produced and released at the end of the ETC. • 34 ATP are produced in the end

  11. Fermentation • Two types • Alcoholic fermentation • Lactic acid fermentation Both processes do not require oxygen (anaerobic) and occur after glycolysis.

  12. Alcoholic fermentation • Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use this process • CO2 bubbles that are released from this process cause bread to rise. • Also used to make beer and wine

  13. Lactic acid fermentation • Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes • Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid • When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run out of oxygen quickly. • Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation. • Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to ache.

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