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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Abnormal Behavior. History of Mental Disorders & Institutions. Originally called “lunatics”, it was believed to be related to a full moon. Possession Removal and Institutionalization Ice baths Vomiting and bleeding Chains. Moral Management.

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders Abnormal Behavior

  2. History of Mental Disorders & Institutions • Originally called “lunatics”, it was believed to be related to a full moon. • Possession • Removal and Institutionalization • Ice baths • Vomiting and bleeding • Chains

  3. Moral Management • 1800’s- belief that environment is important part of treatment • 1840’s- Dorothea Dix • Shock therapy via insulin injections • Effect of the Civil War • Opium • Reverting back to the older methods due to overcrowding.

  4. The Early Twentieth Century • The lobotomy introduced • Quick and very popular • “The” treatment until the 1950’s • “Euthanasia of the mind”

  5. Dr. Freeman’s “Ice Pick” Lobotomy

  6. The 1960’s • Movement to protect the human right of mental patients • Community based • Reduction of hospitalization • Prevent psychological disorders instead of treatment only

  7. Present Day • Deinstitutionalization- move patients from in-patient institutions to community-based facilities with emphasis on out patient care • Drug therapies • Increase in homelessness (20-25% of homeless pop.) • Denial of services

  8. Deinstituationalization – A Psychiatric Titanic

  9. US PUBLIC INPATIENT 1830-1955

  10. PUBLIC INPATIENT 1955-2006

  11. QOD #2 • What is something/situation of which you or someone you know is afraid? • How do you or does the person you know manage this fear?

  12. Criteria of Abnormal Behavior • Deviance • Maladaptive Behavior • Personal Distress • ALL SUBJECTIVE!!!

  13. Mental Disorder v. Insanity • Mental Disorder-- Interfere with a person’s well-being and ability to function for more than 6 months • Insanity--Not knowing right and wrong

  14. Etiology & Prognosis • Etiology--Causation and developmental history of an illness • Prognosis--Probable course of the illness and outcomes expected

  15. Methods to Diagnose Mental Disorders • Clinical Interviews • Neurological test • Personality tests • Projective tests (TAT and Rorschach)

  16. Look for the following • Number of responses • Length of time to reply or refusal to answer. • Was shape of color included? • Seen as a whole or separate parts • What was seen

  17. Results • Subject gave between 15-30 total responses to the 10 figures • Depressed people give FEWER answers • Reaction time took 20-30 minutes but schizophrenics took much less time and often refused to answer, gave most “original” ideas • Common responses were animals or insects

  18. DSM History • Introduced by APA in 1952 • DSM I had only 106 disorders • DSM-II 1968 182 disorders • DSM III 1980 265 disorders • DSM IV 1995 297 disorders • DSM V (~2013) ? disorders • Pro and Cons of Diagnostic Labeling- Rosenhan’s 1973 Study “On Being Sane in Insane Places”

  19. Levels of DSM • Axis 1: Nine Major Clinical Syndromes • Axis II: Personality Disorders • Axis III: General Medical Conditions • Axis IV: Psychological & Environmental problems • Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale

  20. Percentage of Mental Disorders • Substance abuse 27% • Anxiety 19% • Mood 7-18% • Schizophrenia 0.7%

  21. Types of Therapy • Insight • Psychoanalysis • Interpretation • Resistance • Transference • Client-Centered • Therapist gives little guidance and keeps advice to a minimum • Therapist provides feedback to help client sort out their feelings (clarification)

  22. Types of Therapy • Cognitive • Goal is to change the way the person thinks • Rational-Emotive Therapy (Aaron Beck)- change self-defeating statements • Behavioral • Goal is to unlearn maladaptive behavior • Group Therapy • Biomedical- psychopharmacotherapy

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