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Research synthesis in anthropological demography: What, why and how?

Research synthesis in anthropological demography: What, why and how?. Dr Ernestina Coast. What is known from what has been done? NOT What has been done?. Qu'est connu de ce qui a été fait ? PAS Qu'a été fait ? . Research synthesis. Systematic review Meta-ethnography (qualitative)

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Research synthesis in anthropological demography: What, why and how?

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  1. Research synthesis in anthropological demography:What, why and how? Dr Ernestina Coast

  2. What is known from what has been done? NOT What has been done? Qu'est connu de ce qui a été fait ? PAS Qu'a été fait ? Research synthesis

  3. Systematic review Meta-ethnography (qualitative) Meta-analysis (quantitative) Revue systématique Méta-ethnographie (qualitative) Méta-analyse (quantitative) Many different types of research synthesis

  4. A comprehensive review that looks for, and evaluates, existing research evidence. NOT “Traditional” literature review Une revue complète qui recherche, et évalue, évidence existante de recherches. PAS Revue “traditionnelle” de littérature What is research synthesis?

  5. Rigorous methods A “scientific” methodology Replicable / accountable / updateable Minimise bias and error Answer to focussed question(s) Méthodes rigoureuses Une méthodologie “scientifique” Reproductible/responsable/updateable Réduire au minimum de biais et erreur Réponse aux questions focalisées Characteristics

  6. Balanced inference on best available evidence NOT Description of everything on the subject Inférence équilibrée sur la meilleure évidence disponible PAS Description de tout sur le sujet Why useful?

  7. Well-established Well-funded National and international collaborations Associated with RCTs Associated with intervention research i.e.: “What works”? A cornerstone of evidence-based practice and policy Bien-placé Collaborations nationaux et internationaux Lié à RCTs RCT = épreuves aléatoirement commandées Lié à la recherche d'intervention c.-à-d. : «Que fonctionne» ? Une pierre angulaire de la pratique et de la politique évidence-basées Quantitative systematic reviews

  8. Qualitative research as postscript “insidious discrimination” Via “institutionalised quantitativism” Booth (2001) Meta-ethnography Education Nursing Recherche qualitative comme post-scriptum « discrimination insidieuse » Via « quantitativism institutionalisé » Booth (2001) Méta-ethnographie Education Soins

  9. Unlikely to use RCT design Less likely to have been used as methodology for intervention research Where to search for evidence? “qualitative research clearly has a role…but it is unclear how systematic reviews of qualitative research can contribute…..” Peu susceptible d'employer la conception de RCT Moins probablement avoir été employé comme méthodologie pour la recherche d'intervention Où rechercher l'évidence ? « la recherche qualitative a clairement un rôle… mais elle est peu claire comment les examens systématiques de la recherche qualitative peuvent contribuer ..... » Are qualitative research (data) appropriate for research synthesis?

  10. Fischer 1884 Dr Fischer's journey in the Masai Thomson 1885 Through Masailand Sheldon 1892 Adventures among the Masai and other tribes of east Africa Baumann 1894 Durch Maasailand zur Nilquelle Hinde 1901 The last of the Masai Hollis 1905 The Maasai Hollis 1910 A note on the Masai system of relationship and other matters connected therewith Merker 1910 Die Masai Shelford 1910 Notes on the Masai Sandford 1919 An administrative and political history of the Masai Reserve Leakey 1930 Some notes on the Masai of Kenya Colony Fox 1930 Further notes on the Masai of Kenya Colony Whithouse 1933 Masai social customs Fosbrooke 1948 An administrative survey of the Maasai social system Jacobs 1965b A chronology of the pastoral Maasai Jacobs 1965a The traditional political organisation of the pastoral Maasai Koenig 1965 The Masai story Jacobs 1970 Maasai marriage and bridewealth Llewelyn-Davies 1974 Maasai women Ole Sankan 1976 The Maasai Berntsen 1976 The Maasai and their neighbours Kipuri 1978 Engagement and marriage among the Maasai Jacobs 1979 Maasai inter-tribal relations: belligerent herdsmen or peaceable pastoralists? Waller 1979 The Lords of Africa: the Maasai in the mid nineteenth century Llewellyn-Davies 1981 Women, warriors and patriarchs Galaty 1983 Ceremony and society: the poetics of Maasai ritual Kipuri 1983 Oral literature of the Maasai Llewelyn-Davies 1984 The women's olamal Arhem 1985 Pastoral man in the garden of Eden Ole Saitoti 1986 The worlds of a Maasai warrior Talle 1987 Women as heads of houses Talle 1988 Women at a loss Spencer 1988 The Maasai of Matapato Waller 1988 Emutai: crisis and response in Maasailand, 1883-1902 Kipuri 1989 Maasai women in transition Kituyi 1990 Becoming Kenyans: socio-economic transformation of the pastoral Maasai Ole Saitoti 1991 Maasai Rigby 1992 Cattle, capitalism and class Llewelyn-Davies 1993 Memories and dreams Matampash 1993 The Maasai of Kenya Spear & Waller 1993 Being Maasai Oddie 1994 Enkop ai: my life with the Maasai von Mitzlaff 1994 Maasai women Ibrahim & Ibrahim 1995 Pastoralists in transition Helmut 1995 Nachocho Sicard 1998 A tale of a Maasai girl

  11. Decide what question you are trying to answer Identify a protocol What evidence are you prepared to include? Find all of the relevant evidence Likely to involve lots of hand searching Language Qualitative research tends to be less well indexed than quantitative research Appraise the quality of the evidence Different or same as for quantitative evidence? Decide what the evidence means Décider à quelle question vous essayez de répondre Identifier un protocole Quelle évidence êtes-vous a préparé pour inclure ? Trouver toute les évidence appropriée Impliquer probablement un bon nombre de recherche à la main Langue La recherche qualitative tend à être moins bonne classée que la recherche quantitative Évaluer la qualité de l'évidence Différent ou mêmes que pour l'évidence quantitative ? Décider ce que signifie l'évidence 5 steps revisited: qualitative evidence

  12. Uniqueness of the ethnographic method is reflexivity Richness of insight: an emphasis on contradictory cases Existence of multiple views/ perspectives Alternative interpretations Potentially competing explanations L'unicité de la méthode ethnographique est reflexivity Richesse de la perspicacité : une emphase sur des cas contradictoires Existence des perspectives multiples Interprétations alternatives Explications potentiellement de concurrence

  13. Research synthesis very limited in forms of evidence that are incorporated Need robust ways of incorporating qualitative evidence into research synthesis A more holistic view of what constitutes “evidence” Rechercher la synthèse très limitée sous les formes d'évidence qui sont incorporées Avoir besoin des manières robustes d'incorporer l'évidence qualitative dans la synthèse de recherches Une vue plus holistique de ce qui constitue la « évidence »

  14. Policy issues not the business of academic researchers Try writing that on a funding proposal…… Role of an academic researcher is not to seek common ground Post-modernity Absolute evidence does not exist Questions de politique pas les affaires des chercheurs d'universitaire Essayer d'écrire cela sur une proposition de placement ...... Le rôle d'un chercheur d'universitaire n'est pas de chercher la terre commune Post-moderne L'évidence absolue n'existe pas Alternatively….

  15. Meta-ethnography a sign of “methodological maturity”? Not a call for uncritical translation of quantitative research synthesis approaches Stand-alone or integrated Quantitative supremacy? Méta-ethnographie un signe de maturité méthodologique ? Pas un appel pour la traduction non critique de la synthèse quantitative de recherches s'approche. Autonome ou intégré Suprématie quantitative ?

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