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Understanding Ecology: Food Webs, Energy Flow, and Cycles

This class covers the basics of ecology, including the study of interactions between organisms, food webs, energy flow in ecosystems, and nutrient cycles. Learn about biodiversity, trophic levels, and the classification of organisms.

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Understanding Ecology: Food Webs, Energy Flow, and Cycles

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  1. Hand in W.S. 16.2 (Making a Food Web) before the bell rings Review Essay/Quiz Notes - Ecology - Chapter 16 Video – “Ecology of the Human” "The only limits to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today." Franklin D. Roosevelt To learn about ecology. Title: Biology 5/1/07 Class Topics Objectives: Friday, January 3, 202012:44 PM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • W.S. 16.2 (Making a Food Web) 5/1/07 • Read 345-354 5/1/07 • W.S. 16.2 (Quiz & ½ of DR) 5/3/07 • Video W.S. “Ecology of the Human” 5/3/07 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Grade Sheet 2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

  4. Ecology • The study of the interactions between organisms (with one another) and their physical environment • Habitat • Where a particular population of organisms live • Community • The many interacting species in a habitat • Ecosystem • The community and its environment • Biodiversity • Number of organisms living in an ecosystem

  5. Energy flow in Ecosystems • Producers • Photosynthesis • Consumers • All others • Trophic levels • Assigning organisms levels • Fig. 6 p.345

  6. Trophic levels • 1st • Producers • 2nd • herbivores • 3rd • Omnivores, carnivores • Rarely there are 4 trophic levels (carnivores that eat other carnivores) • Detrivores (decomposers) From: http://www.kesgrave.suffolk.sch.uk/ learningzone/subjects/geography/trophic.html

  7. Energy Loss • Adding trophic levels adds to energy demands • Decrease of factor of 10 with additional trophic level • Each trophic level has 90% less energy than the one below it Three hundred trout are needed to support one man for a year. The trout, in turn, must consume 90,000 frogs, that must consume 27 million grasshoppers that live off of 1,000 tons of grass.-- G. Tyler Miller, Jr., American Chemist (1971)

  8. From: http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/highertrophic/trophic2.html

  9. From: http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/gen-ed/ecosystem-jpgs/troph-lev-energy.jpg

  10. Food Chains and Webs • Food Chain • Algae, krill, cod, leopard seal, orca • Make your own ending with humans • Food web • More complicated • Varied food sources

  11. From: http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#FoodChainsandWebs4

  12. Butterfly Vampire bat Bed bug Tampan tick Flea larva Lice (3 types) Bacteria (skin) Fungi Amoeba Ciliates Tapeworm Blood fluke Tse tse fly & mosquito Mite (facial) Mite (scabies) Video – Human Life

  13. Cycles • Water • Carbon • Phosphorus/Nitrogen

  14. From: http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/eo/basics/images/usgs_water_cycle.jpg from: http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ ecosystem.html#FoodChainsandWebs4

  15. Water cycle • Transpiration • Condensation • Run off • Respiration • Evaporation • Precipitation • Water vapor • Percolation • Water storage • Ground water

  16. From: http://oceanography.geol.ucsb.edu/~gs4/s2004/Lectures/Ocean%20Life/A3-Nutrient%20Cycling/Carbon%20Cycle.Ross-P164.jpg

  17. Carbon cycle • Photosynthesis • Death and decomposition • Combustion • Atmospheric CO2 • Cellular respiration • CO2 dissolved in water • Fossil Fuels • Sediments • Limestone

  18. From: http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#FoodChainsandWebs4

  19. From: http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#FoodChainsandWebs4

  20. Classification Activity • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

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