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Explore the political, economic, and cultural developments in Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the rise of nation-states. Discover the influences of the Byzantine Empire and the role of feudalism in shaping medieval Europe. Learn about the impact of the Great Schism and the Crusades on the continent's history.
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Europe between600 and 1450 United or Divided? • Ch 10 in Strayer’s Ways of the World
Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 What’s going on in Eastern Europe, East Asia, Middle East, the Americas and Africa during this time?
Byzantine Empire330 - 1453 Constantine moves capitol to East - Ottomans sack Constantinople • Politically - • centralized under an Emperor who ruled through his bureaucracy • strong army, navy and merchant fleet • Emperor Justinian (r 527 - 565)
Byzantine Economy • involved in long-distance trade • exported luxury products like jewelry purple dyes and silk • gold coins, the bezant, was a widely used currency in Mediterranean trade • negative effect of trade: Plague of Justinian 541-542
Cultural Achievements • Body of Civil Law • Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) a/k/a • Justinian Code of Laws: • a collection of Roman laws • will be preserved and reintroduced to Europe • it forms the basis of our laws • example: innocent until proven guilty Domed Buildings Hagia Sophia
Cyril and Methodius Introduced Christianity to the Slavic people of Central Europe and Russia. Developed an alphabet based on Greek letters to write the Slavic language This alphabet will become the Cyrillic alphabet used in Russia. Main points: Spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity and a writing system base on Greek letters to Central Europe and Russia.
The Beginning of Russia 9th century: Kiev, Russia along the Dnieper River. Vikings - Varangians. Develops due to trade between Scandinavia and Byzantine Empire along the Dnieper River.
What’s next for Russia? Mongol rule of Russia = Mongols invade Kievan Rus. The Golden Horde. Russian princes allowed to stay in power as long as they paid tribute to the Mongol ruler. Moscow princes are in charge of collecting tribute for the Mongols. They became vassals of the Mongols. 1200’s - 1400’s Russian under the Tartar yoke See map on p 439 in your textbook.
So. . . how did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia? 1. Spread Christianity - Eastern Orthodox Christianity a. use of icons in the church b. monasticism - or monastic life 2. Introduced a written alphabet 3. architectural style Russian: Byzantine:
Meanwhile in Western Europe. . . • Early Middle Ages 500 - 1000 - Feudalism • High Middle Ages 1000 - 1200 - Transitional period - coming out of Feudalism • Late Middle Ages 1200 - 1500 - Showing signs of the early modern era.
Charlemagne - King of the Franks Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843
Early Medieval Period Collapse of Charlemagne’s Empire + Outside invasions = Feudal Era Study p 439 map in your textbook. Invasions in Europe 700 - 1000 Germanic Kingdoms are facing threat of invasions by Magyars, Vikings and Muslims Feudalism
Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Manoralism = life in manorsThe new economy of Western Europe = self-sufficient farmsNo trade in Western Europe Medieval Castle medieval knights protect serfs at work
Medieval Knights: vassals of the lord Code of Chivalry Road to Knighthood
Architectural Styles of Medieval Europe Romanesque Gothic Cathedrals Medieval Castles
Roman Catholic ChurchLatin Church monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminated manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface] filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. An illuminated manuscript A medieval monastery
Feudal kings were. . . WEAK and popes and nobles became very powerful
Agricultural Production increased due to technological innovations New iron plows replaced wooden plows A new type of harness allowed peasants to use horses instead of oxen to pull the plows; horses could move faster so peasants enlarged their fields and planted more crops Windmills powered by water or wind were used to grind grain into flour A new system of planting called the three-field system left only 1 strip fallow (unplanted to replenish its soil). They planted legumes in another strip such as peas and beans that restored soil fertility and improved the peasant diet. Results: European population doubled between 1000 and 1300.
Two Major European Events The Great Schism 1054 Christianity Divides Roman Catholic Church Western, Latin Church Eastern Orthodox Greek Church vs. Crusades begin 1095 Pope Urban II
Main impact of the Crusades: It willspark European interest in the outside world and a renewed interest in TRADE.
The Hanseatic League Founded in 1358. A confederation of merchant guilds and towns in Northern Europe
What’s next for Europe?15th century: • Rise of strong monarchs and nation-states in Western Europe: England, Spain, France • Weakening of the Catholic Church • Renaissance in Italy • Exploration and Colonization of the Americas
