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Acids & Bases

Acids & Bases. Their Properties Naming Guidelines. Properties of Acids. Taste sour Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated Turns Blue litmus paper Red Red litmus paper stays Red Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit. What is an Acid?.

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Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases Their Properties Naming Guidelines

  2. Properties of Acids • Taste sour • Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated • Turns Blue litmus paper Red • Red litmus paper stays Red Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

  3. What is an Acid? • Acid: a compound that makes hydrogen ions H+ (aq) when dissolved in water • i.e.: HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) • Note: acids must be dissolved in water to produce H+ ions. Look for the (aq) which means aqueous to indicate the acid is dissolved in water • How to identify them: Hydrogen + a non-metal with the (aq) symbol

  4. Acids • A compound in which one or more H+ ions are bounded to a negative ion. • To name an acid, you first need to break the compound into the cation and the anion. • The anion is used to name the acids. • HF  H+ + F- • HBr H + Br- • H2S  2H+ + S2- • HNO3 H+ + NO3- • H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-

  5. Naming Acids Binary Acids (Acids with a Non-Metal): • Contain “H” and one non-metal. To Name: Hydro + second element name + ic + Acid Ex: HCl = Hydro + chlorine + ic Acid Hydrochloric Acid HF = H + + F-Hydrofluoric Acid HBr = H+ Br-Hydrobromic Acid H2S = 2H+ + S2- Hydrosulfuric Acid

  6. Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids ( Acids with a Polyatomic Ion) • Contain “H”, and a polyatomic ion, and end in “ate” To Name: Polyatomic Ion name + ic + Acid Ex: HNO3=Nitrate + ic + Acid H+ + NO3- Nitric Acid H2CO3 = Carbonate + ic + Acid 2H+ + CO32-Carbonic Acid

  7. Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids ( Acids with a Polyatomic Ion) • Contain “H”, and a polyatomic ion, and end in “ite” To Name: Polyatomic Ion+ ous + Acid Ex: HNO2 = Nitrite + ous + Acid H+ and NO2- Nitrous Acid HCrO2 = Chromite + ous + Acid H+ and CrO2- Chromous Acid

  8. Mnemonic • If the anion ends in …... Then change it to...... • My ride has hydraulics. • I ate something icky. • Sprite tastes delicious.

  9. Naming Acids (Exceptions) • There are some acids that are exceptions: Exceptions: H3PO4 phosphate phosphoric acid H3PO3phosphite phosphorous H2SO4 sulfate sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfite sulfurous

  10. Naming Acids Using “per” and “hypo” • They don’t start with the element name. HMnO4 H+ and MnO4- permanganate Permanganic Acid HClO H+ and ClO4- hypochlorite Hypochlorous Acid

  11. Properties of Bases • Taste Bitter • Feel Slippery • Turns Red litmus paper Blue • Blue litmus paper stays Blue • Reacts with Acid in same neutralization Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

  12. What is a Base? • Base: a compound that makes hydroxide ions OH-(aq)when dissolved in water • i.e. NaOH (aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) • How to identify them: Metal + hydroxide ion (OH) with the (aq) symbol

  13. Naming Bases • Name the metal first • Add Hydroxide Ex: NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide KOH = Potassium Hydroxide

  14. SUMMARY

  15. Practicing Naming Acids & Bases

  16. Practice Naming Acids & Bases

  17. Naming Various Acid Forms

  18. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

  19. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

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