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COMMUNITY HEALTH CHAMPION. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Article 25 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, and
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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Article 25 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, and housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond this control
Article 12 • 1. The States Parties to the present Convention recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. • 2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Convention to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for: • (a) The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality • and for the healthy development of the child; • (b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial • hygiene; • (c) The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational • and other diseases; • (d) The creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service • and medical attention in the event of sickness
The right to the highest attainable standard of health (article 12 ofthe International Convention on Economic, Social and CulturalRights) • 3.The right to health is closely related to and dependent upon the realization of other human rights, as contained in the International Bill of Rights, including the rights to food, housing, work, education, human dignity, life, non-discrimination, equality, the prohibition against torture, privacy, access to information, and the freedoms of association, assembly and movement. These and other rights and freedoms address integral components of the right to health. • 4. In drafting article 12 of the Convention, the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly did not adopt the definition of health contained in the preamble to the Constitution of WHO, which conceptualizes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. However, the reference in article 12.1 of the Convention to “the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health” is not confined to the right to health care. On the contrary, the drafting history and the express wording of article 12.2 acknowledge that the right to health embraces a wide range of socio-economic factors that promote conditions in which people can lead a healthy life, and extends to the underlying determinants of health, such as food and nutrition, housing, access to safe and potable water and adequate sanitation, safe and healthy working conditions, and a healthy environment.
MIGRANT HEALTH • The physical environments into which migrants (and poor people in • general) move can also play an adverse role if it inhibits access to spaces • where people can walk and exercise (Samuels et al., 2004: Brody et al., • 2001) and in the case of migrants living in poor areas of cities it may be • especially critical. • Migrants may also delay seeking care for diabetes for a variety of reasons; some of them may simply not know • what types of health care services are available; others may fear or mistrust medical institutions • or face substantial barriers in trying to access the facilities that are available to them (Grubbs and Frank, 2004; Chin and Chesla, 2004). Barriers can
AIMS • Life is not cheap • To minimize the health risk • Equality/cohesion • Better understanding of Health /in UK • Better understanding of services • Self esteem /Value their life • Safe environment with Community Public Health Staff • To understand their needs
OBJECTIVES • Give them better access to Health • Equality • Integration • Understanding Health • To remove mistrust in medical institutions • Or if they face substantial barriers in trying to access the facilities that are available to them
SEXUAL HEALTH • For a variety of social and cultural as well as other background • experiences, patterns of condom use, just as patterns of family planning; • with casual and regular partners tend be poor among migrants, some of • whom come from backgrounds where there is not a tradition of such use or • live in situations where they are unaware of what services are available • (Carballo et al., 2003; van de Laar et al., 2005).
CARDIOVASCULARY DISEASES • People of South Asian origin are also more likely to be admitted to hospital for heart failure and • are less likely to survive when they have myocardial infarctions (Wilkinson • et al., 1996, Blackledge et al., 2003). Differences in cardiovascular risk • factors have also been observed between South Asian children and those of • European descent (Whincup et al., 2002) and suggest that the problem is likely to be long lasting unless steps are taken to break the cycle of factors affecting the disease.
DIABITES • Many factors may be involved in the onset of type 2 diabetes in migrant • populations. As well as the “thrifty genotype” hypothesis proposed by • Weiss et al., 1984, and Brown et al., 2000, other processes such as radical • lifestyle changes associated with “modernization” and urbanization have • been posited as possible links (Fall, 2001; McDonald and Kennedy, 2005). • Poverty also deserves to be considered with respect to migrants and other • socially excluded people (Riste et al., 2001) because they may be inclined to • cope with poverty through the use of cheap fast foods. It is often more • expensive for them to find and procure the foods they were used to than it • is to buy fast foods. Migrants are also more likely to take on two or more • (low paying) jobs in order to support themselves and find themselves with • little time to prepare food at home. Eating and following different diet.
Figure 4: Tuberculosis incidence in major immigration source countries* (2004)
Cancer • Cancer of the breast is the most common female cancer worldwide and is now the • second leading cause of death among women in the EU. Earlier studies in other parts of the world suggest that epidemiological patterns of female • breast cancer may be influenced by population movement (Geddes et al.,1993; Nilsson et al., 1993; Wanner et al., 1995).
BME HEALTH • BREAST SCREENING NEWS LETTER RADIO CAMPAIGN LEAF LETS
DIETS • Dietary habits are among the most culturally defined of all behaviours • (McDonald and Kennedy, 2005). In the case of people moving from one • Socio cultural environment to another, the interruption and forced change in dietary habits can be both psychologically and physically disruptive, especially when the changes are rapid, or when the need to adapt to new restrictions and demands is an inflexible one. This has been highlighted in the aetiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes as well as other conditions. • Obesity and overweight status among migrant children and adolescents has been linked by at least one study to the process of “role reversal” that often affects migrating families (Unger et al., 2004)
Community health champions We have ran one successful year of community health training for all community members and trained 25 community champions by July. 2010 from 10 linguistic backgrounds in RSA level2 public health.
DVD IN DIFFRENT LANGUAGES • ARABIC • MANDARIN • CANTONES • FARSI • ENGLISH • KURDISH
