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Pathogens Cause Disease

Pathogens Cause Disease. Being Sick Can Really Get Ya !. Add these terms and definitions to your notes sheet. Immunity- the resistance to a sickness. Infection- When a pathogen invades, multiplies, and causes harm. Disease. Internal Causes. External Causes. Infections by other organisms

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Pathogens Cause Disease

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  1. Pathogens Cause Disease

  2. Being Sick Can Really Get Ya!

  3. Add these terms and definitions to your notes sheet • Immunity- the resistance to a sickness. • Infection- When a pathogen invades, multiplies, and causes harm.

  4. Disease Internal Causes External Causes Infections by other organisms Environmental factors Toxic pollutants - Ex: Smog, industrial smoke, cigarette smoke, harmful vapors, vehicle emissions, pesticides • Genetic diseases • Down’s syndrome • Albinism • Hemophilia • Sickle cell anemia

  5. Parasites Microorganisms- Are small organisms that can only be seen with a microscope (viruses are not microorganisms!) Tapeworm

  6. Any agent (any living or nonliving thing) that causes disease.

  7. Viruses

  8. Viruses • **They are NON LIVING** • Need a host to reproduce • Can not respond to changes in their environment • Does not grow • Contain genetic material • Come in many sizes and shapes • Very small, about 1/10,000 bacteria cells

  9. Viruses Multiply Inside Living Cells • Attachment-They attach to a host cell • Injection- Injects DNA into a cell • Production- Host cell makes copies of virus DNA • Assembly- New viruses assemble in cell • Release- Cell bursts releasing viruses

  10. Harmful Viruses Cause Huge Problems • Diseases caused by Viruses • Colds • AIDS • Polio • Small Pox • Diphtheria • Influenza • Can affect Plants, Animals, and Bacteria

  11. Viruses and Vaccines • There are no cures for viruses, doctors use vaccines to prevent people from getting sick from harmful viruses. • Vaccine- contain small amounts of weakened or dead pathogens that stimulate an immune response. • You can be vaccinated at any age and you need to stay up to date on your vaccinations in order to stay protected.

  12. Vaccines

  13. Prevention

  14. Viruses

  15. Bacteria

  16. Bacteria • **They are LIVING** • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) • Unicellular • Both autotrophic & heterotrophic • Disease causing bacteria are heterotrophic.

  17. Bacteria • Most are helpful (99%) few are harmful (1%) • Can be spread through food, water and air • Come in three different shapes • Spiral shaped • Rod shaped • Round shaped

  18. Bacteria Prevention and Cures • Can be prevented with vaccines and treated with antibiotics. • You can prevent the spread of bacteria

  19. Bacteria

  20. Bacteria Vs. Viruses Bacteria Viruses Non-living Vaccines Needs a host cell Harmful and helpful Smaller then a bacteria • Living • Vaccines & antibiotics • Harmful and helpful • Bigger than a virus • Has a cell wall

  21. Virus vs. Bacteria

  22. Fungi

  23. Fungi • Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) • Heterotrophic • Unicellular and multicellular • Can be helpful and harmful • Can be used to make antibiotics • Many produce harmful chemicals • Can cause disease in humans

  24. Fungal infections Ringworm Ringworm Athlete’s foot Under nail fungal infections Thrush (in babies) Treatments Creams and ointments Antifungal medications

  25. Parasites

  26. How Parasites Are Spread • Insect bites • Animal feces • Walking barefoot • Handling raw meat and fish (not washing after) • Eating raw or undercooked pork, beef or fish • Eating contaminated raw fruits and vegetables • Eating meals prepared by a contaminated person • Drinking contaminated water

  27. Examples • Tapeworm • Hookworm • Lice • Malaria • Pinworm

  28. Insect bites & Malaria

  29. Prevention • Cook food entirely • Wash hands after handling raw meats • Wash fruits and vegetables • Don’t eat sand from sandboxes • Make sure water is safe to drink or boil it • Wash hands after cleaning kitty litter box

  30. Cancer • *When your own cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue* • Disorder that affects the cell cycle • Not a single disorder, rather a group of disorders • It is the uncontrolled division of cells • Can spread to various tissues, the cells are selfish • Cancer cells become “immortal” they continue to divide • Most are caused by cell mutations during a persons lifetime • Many are caused by harmful chemicals “carcinogens” (ex. nicotine, UV rays, radiation, x-rays) • Some inherit a tendency for a particular cancer

  31. Cancer Prevention • You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: • Eating a healthy diet • Exercising regularly • Limiting alcohol • Maintaining a healthy weight • Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals • Not smoking or chewing tobacco • Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily • Get screenings when possible

  32. Cancer

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