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Metrics

Metrics. Dr. Johnny Snyder. Outline - Metrics. Historical Overview of Metrics Time as a Metric The FS Metric An Example Other Metrics in Computer Information Systems Conclusion. A Motto -. “What is not measurable make measurable.” Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642). The 1950’s.

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Metrics

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  1. Metrics Dr. Johnny Snyder

  2. Outline - Metrics • Historical Overview of Metrics • Time as a Metric • The FS Metric • An Example • Other Metrics in Computer Information Systems • Conclusion

  3. A Motto - • “What is not measurable make measurable.” Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642)

  4. The 1950’s • What metrics?

  5. The 1960’s • Leonard Kleinrock writes first paper on packet switching. • First packets sent on ARPANet – 1969. • Note: The system crashed as the g in login was reached! (Howe, 2004; Zakon, 2004)

  6. The 1970’s • ARPANet protocol established. • Ethernet appeared. • ARPANet users number 2,000. (Zakon, 2004; Howe, 2004)

  7. The 1980’s • First virus appears. • BITNET appears (e-mail). • Number of hosts breaks 1,000; 10,000; then 100,000. • Archie appears (ftp archiver – Internet index!). (Zakon, 2004; Howe, 2004)

  8. The 1990’s • WWW appears. • gopher appears (indexing the web). • Number of hosts surpasses 1,000,000. • Shopping appears on the Internet! (Zakon, 2004; Howe, 2004)

  9. The 21st Century • Remember Y2K? • More than 1,000,000,000 indexed pages. • Flash mobs, Internet taxes, spam, speed… • US Census Bureau has 1.5 million page views per day. (Census Bureau, 2004)

  10. Time… (Baase, 2003)

  11. Time (1) • Recall that: for humans.

  12. Time - human • I.e. in one year, we will all be one year older!

  13. Time (2) • Also, recall that for cats.

  14. Time - Cats • …so in one year our cats will be seven years older! • note: 18 h.y. = 126 c.y.

  15. Time (3) • But, for computers.

  16. Time - computers • Next year my computer will be 100 years old!

  17. Time (4) • For the Internet, because it is moving fast…

  18. Which metric measures the Internet? • Speed: powers of 10 (by threes) • Host growth: exponential • Number of pages: exponential • Number of possible paths: factorial

  19. Lord Kelvin (1824 – 1907): “When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it…”

  20. The FS Metric • As the 21st century evolves, new metrics will have to be developed, explored and tested for validity. • Many web sites and software tools appeal to the individualistic side of our personalities (as well as cultural and societal norms).

  21. Feng Shui • A study of how energies in our environment affect the way we live and work in this area (the web) at this time.

  22. Fang Shooy • A study of how energies in our environment, when left unchecked, can disrupt how we live and work in this environment (the web) at this time.

  23. Fang Shooy

  24. Feng Shui

  25. Fang Shooy

  26. Feng Shui

  27. What does this prove? • Well… • Nothing.

  28. What does this illustrate? • That individual perceptions are hard to quantify and thus measure.

  29. How do we prove conjectures? • With theorems • How do we prove theorems? • With more theorems! • Postulates • Axioms

  30. Remember Euclid? (~300 BC) • Formulated axiomatic system for geometry. • Stood for more than 2,000 years as the model for organized thinking. • Axioms are “self-evident truths.” (Burton, 2003)

  31. What are Internet axioms? • Words in all uppercase letters are offensive. • Back buttons are necessary. • Pop-ups are annoying. • Speed is good. • Clutter is bad.

  32. Definitions • How do you “define” a metric for something like a search engine for cyberspace?

  33. Definitions (2) • Question: What is the fundamental purpose of a search engine? • Answer: To search the web.

  34. Definitions (3) • First we need a scale. • How about 1 to 10? • How about 0 to 100? • How about -3 to 3 with zero being neutral?

  35. Definitions (4) • Lets select 0 to 100 with 0 being bad and 100 being good. Further, lets assume that we begin at 100 and subtract points as “errors” are encountered. (axioms violated)

  36. Pluses Order* Calm* Open* Passive Colors* Home Page No Pop-Ups Fast Loading No Horizontal Scrolling Minuses Chaos* Busy* Cluttered* Active Colors* Splash Page Pop-Ups Slow Loading Horizontal Scrolling Definitions (5) * = Subject to individual interpretation

  37. Example: Search Engines • Evaluate the major search engines using the following point structure: • pop-ups - 10 • horizontal scrolling - 8 • scrolling text - 5 • poor colors - 5 • flashing animations - 5 • information overload - 5 • vertical scrolling - 3

  38. Search Engine Rating Scale 0 50 100 Alta Vista Dogpile Netscape Yahoo Excite Google Hogsearch Lycos

  39. Feng Shui

  40. Fang Shooy

  41. Qualitative to Quantitative Qualitative Measure Quantitative Measure

  42. Metrics in Systems Analysis and Design • Gantt Charts and PERT Charts • Diagramming • Usability Testing Level 0 DFD The System! Data/Axioms Results/Theorems

  43. Metrics in E-Commerce • Click Through Rate (ad click) • Clickstream Data • Hit Rate • Knowledge Curve • Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate • Throughput

  44. Metrics in Human Computer Interaction • Geert Hofstede and dimensions of culture • Fitt’s Law • Hick’s Law

  45. Metrics in HCI (2) • Meyer’s Law • Power Law of Practice

  46. New Metrics (needed) • e-waste • e-pollution • e-warfare • e-learning • e-voting • e-taxes • e~2.71828…

  47. Conclusions • Metrics permeate, somehow, most fields of study. • CIS is a field where old metrics can be analyzed and applied. • CIS is a field where new metrics can be formulated, tested and applied. • That makes CIS interesting and entertaining!

  48. Conclusions (2) • That is a bit about me and some of the ideas that I am interested in. • Thanks again for coming! • Questions?

  49. References • Baase, S. (2003). A Gift of Fire. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall • Burton, D. (2003). The History of Mathematics: An Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill • Census Bureau, (2004). Retrieved December 1, 2004 from: http://www.census.gov/webdecade

  50. References (2) • Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill • Howe, W. (2004). A Brief History of the Internet. Retrieved November 30, 2004 from: http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html • Zakon, R. (2004). Hobbes’ Internet Timeline v7.0. Retrieved November 30, 2004 from: http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline

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