Biocontrol agents and biopesticides in potato IPM

1. Biocontrol agents and biopesticides in potato IPM End Next

2. Conservation and augmentation • of predators like lady bird beetles, lace wing bugs, spiders, insectivorous birds End Previous Next

3. Lady bird beetles and lace wing bugs Generalized predators of aphids, white fly , leaf hoppers & mites • Avoid insecticidal application in fields where natural population of these predators is available. If unavoidable, apply insecticides during the afternoon hours when predatory activity is minimum • Periodic augmentative releases of commercially available predator species may be necessary Fig. Predatory lady bird beetle Fig. Lace wing bug Source: http://www.potatocongress.org/wpc/Paul-Horne.pdf End Previous Next

4. Carabid beetles • Naturally present in most agricultural fields • Avoid use of persistent soil insecticides to conserve these predators Good predators of white grubs, cut worm larvae, nymphs of mole cricket and field crickets Fig. Carabid beetles Source: http://www.organicagcentre.ca/Potato%20Symposium/Christine%20Noronha/ End Previous Next

5. Predatory spiders of potato ecosystem Spiders are good predators of aphids, white fly, leaf hoppers,epilachna beetles and mites Encourage their activity by avoiding injudicious use of chemical pesticides Fig. Predatory spiders of potato ecosystem Source: www.google.co.in/images End Previous Next

6. Predatory Phytoseiid mites: • They feed on insects like aphids, coccids and nematodes • Very fast moving and abundantly available in potato fields (also available commercially) • Restrict use of insecticides when they are abundant in the field End Previous Next

7. Common predatory birds • Birds play an important role in controlling white grub, cut worm, mole cricket and field cricket • Common insectivorous birds are black drongo, house sparrow, cattle egrets, house crow, jungle crow, common myna, bank myna , Indian robin and parrot Fig. Common predatory birds Source: AINP on White grubs, Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13 Bird perches may be erected to facilitate their predation End Previous Next

8. 2.Conservation and utilization of parasitoids End Previous Next

9. Trichocard Field release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ha to destroy cut worm eggs Fig. Trichogramma parasitizing lepidopteran eggsFig.Trichocard with Trichogramma for field release Source: http://www.nbaii.res.in/PDBC-NAIP/home.html End Previous Next

10. Release egg-larval parasitoid , Chelonus blackburni @ 30000/ha at 40 and 70 days after planting against potato tuber moth Fig. Chelonus blackburni Source: http://www.nbaii.res.in/Featured%20insects/chelonus7.jpg End Previous Next

11. Copidosomakoehleri Fig. Copidosoma koehleri parasitizing the eggs and larvae of potato tuber moth Source :http://www.potatocongress.org/wpc/Paul-Horne.pdf Release of this parasitoid @ 1 lakh/ha can effectively control potato tuber moth in both field and storage conditions End Previous Next

12. Fig. Technid fly Source: http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=Tachinid+fly&hl Techinid flies are important parasitoids of cut worms, white grubs etc. Parasitiods like Encarsia spp. are important against whiteflies. Fig. Encarsia spp. Source: www. oisat.org Conserve their population by avoiding unnecessary use of chemical pesticides End Previous Next

13. 3. Use of microbials End Previous Next

14. 1 2 Pre-sowing soil application of entomopathogenic fungi like white muscardine fungus (Beauveriabassiana) and green muscardine fungus (Metarhiziumanisopilae ) @ 10 g/m2 (containing1012 spores /ha) against white grub and cut worm larvae, mole crickets, field crickets • Application of entomopathogenic fungus, Verticilliumlacanii @ 48 X 106/ml iseffectiveagainstepilachnabeetles End Previous Next

15. Entomophilic nematode Heterorhabditis indica @ 10g talc/ m2(containing @ 4 billion IJs/ha ) is effective against white grub larvae, mole cricket & field cricket Fig. Entomophilic Nematode Source: www.ainpwhitegrubs.com Fig. Bacteria Source: www.ainpwhitegrubs.com • Application of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis @ • 3 X 106 reduces infestation of epilachna beetles End Previous Next

16. 4. Biopesticides End Previous Next

17. Procedure for preparing neem leaf extract Click on the video to visualize Video : Double click on the photograph for video Courtesy; Ms. Deepa Bhattacharyya, Director, Documentary on Organic Farming , RKD Film Production, Guwahati, Assam End Previous Next

18. Application of mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ha at the time of earthing up of potato reduces red ant, cut worm and termite infestation to a great extent Fig. Mustard oil cake Source: http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://1.imimg.com/data/W/5/MY-774903/master-oil-cake- and-soabin-oil-cake_10626548_250x250.jpg&imgrefurl End Previous Next

19. Cover the stored potato tubers with branches of Lantanaor Eupatorium to repel ovipositing tuber moths Spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5 % to manage foliar damage caused by larvae of tuber moth Use 4cm thick layer of shade dried neem or Eucalyptus leaves under and over the stored seed potato tubers for controlling potato tuber moth End Previous Next

20. Spray 5% NSKE or neem oil spray @ 1% or pongamia oil (0.75%) against leaf hoppers and aphids Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha along the plant rows is effective against leaf hoppers End Previous