Unit 3

1. Unit 3 Federal Union and Nationalistic Spirit Chapters 10-12

2. Washington’s RegimePages 189-195 • Creation of a Cabinet • Who, what, why, how • Major Issues • Appease the Antifederalists • Fiscal Policy and Assumption • Creation of a National Bank • Constitutional interpretations • Whiskey Rebellion

3. Bill of Rights1-10 • Amendment 1 – Religious and political freedom • Freedom of religion • Freedom of speech • Freedom of press • Freedom of assembly • Freedom of petition • Amendment 2 – Right to bear arms • Amendment 3 – Quartering troops • Amendment 4 – Search and seizure • ‘Reasonable cause’ • Role of search warrants • Amendment 5 – Rights of accused persons • Double jeopardy protection • Requirement of indictment by Grand Jury • Due process protection • Self-incrimination protection

4. Amendment 6 – Right to a speedy, public trial Open to the public Jury of your peers Right to counsel Amendment 7 – Trial by jury in civil cases Jury trial in civil cases where the value exceeds $20 Amendment 8 – Limits of fines and punishments Protection for excessive fines Protection against cruel and unusual punishment Amendment 9 – Rights of people People’s rights are not limited to the rights mentioned in the Constitution Amendment 10 – Powers of states and people ‘Reserved’ powers clause Bill of Rights1-10 (Part II)

5. Birth of Political PartiesPages 195-200 • Role of the Two-Party System • Foreign Policy Challenges • French Revolution • Jay’s Treaty • Pinckney’s Treaty • Farewell Address • Key elements

6. GW Farewell Address • Promotes the benefits of the Federal Government • Warns against the party system • Stresses the importance of religion and morality • Promotes stable, conservative public credit • Warns against permanent alliances • Warns against large, powerful militaries

7. A New RegimePages 200-206 • John Adams – 3rd times a charm? • Issues with France • Short life for the First Amendment? • Birth of nullification

8. Electoral Issues • Before the 12th Amendment, each presidential elector cast two votes--and they HAD to vote for two different people (at least one of whom could not be from the electors' home states).  The requirement for a majority electoral vote to be elected, then, was based on a majority of the number of electors, not the number of electoral votes.

9. 12th Amendment • The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President.

10. John Adams Presidential Portrait

11. Alien & Sedition Act of 1798 • Increase resident rate from 5 to 14 years • Deport or imprison ‘dangerous’ foreigners • Restrict negative press against government or officials • Speaking or writing anything false or malicious • Punishable by fine or imprisonment

12. Excerpt from Virginia Resolution

13. Jeffersonian RevolutionPages 206-217 • Comparison of Federalist / Democratic Republicans • Electoral problems • A new Revolution • Ideals • Dilemma • Initial actions • Judiciary Act • Marbury vs. Madison

14. 1800 Election Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republicans John Adams Federalist

15. 1800 Election

16. 1800 Election • Ties with Aaron Burr • 73 electoral votes each • House of Representatives Votes • 36th Ballot – TJ selected (Hamilton’s influence helped secure Presidency) • Fuels Hamilton vs. Burr • ***Peaceful transfer of power between political parties!!!!!!!!!

17. TJ’s Ideals • Core of America = Representative Democracy • Farmer = Symbol of America • WHY? • Small gov’t that protects rights of individuals • Separation of church and state

18. Judiciary Act of 1801 • “Midnight Judges Act” • Passed three weeks before the end of Adam’s term • Adams rushed to fill 16 vacancies with Federalist judges (appointed for life!) • Marbury (appointed by Adams) v. Madison (Sec of State) • Supreme Court decides Judiciary Act violates constitution • 1st case of JUDICIAL REVIEW

19. Jefferson’s LegacyPages 217-226 • Commander-in-Chief • Actions / Issues • Louisiana Purchase • Lewis and Clark • Reelection • Issues with Britain

20. US Marines • From the halls of Montezuma, to the shores of Tripoli, • We fight our country's battles, on the land as on the sea. • Admiration of the nation, we're the finest ever seen; • And we glory in the title of United States Marines.

23. Lewis and Clark Info • Long HaulThe expedition traveled over 8000 total miles over a period of 2 years, 4 months and 10 days.Good GuessWhen the expedition reached the Pacific, Clark estimates they have traveled 4,162 miles from the mouth of the Missouri to the Pacific. His guess was within 40 miles of the actual distance.An Equal Opportunity ExpeditionWhen the expedition reached the Pacific the party voted on where to spend the winter. York, Clark's slave, is allowed to vote, nearly 60 years before slaves in the U.S. would be emancipated. Sacagawea is also allowed to vote, more than a century before either women or Native Americans are granted full rights of citizenship.OopsWhile hunting in present day North Dakota, Lewis was accidentally shot (in the behind) by Pierre Cruzatte, a nearsighted member of the crew. Good BoyBefore the expedition began Lewis purchased a Newfoundland dog, Seaman, for $20. Although not mentioned very often in their journals, it is believed that Seaman made the entire journey.What's for Dinner?When game was plentiful, each man ate about 9 pounds of meat per day.

24. Mr. Madison’s WarPages 226-231 • Causes • Non-intercourse Act vs. Macon’s Bill No. 2 • Free Trade and Sailor’s Rights • Native American threats • Expansionism • War with Britain • Domestic issues

25. Macon’s Bill #2 • If one country stopped attacks upon American shipping, the United States would cease trade with the other, unless that country agreed to recognize the rights of the neutral American ships as well. • Napoleon exploited this Bill as a way to harm British interests • Madison accepted Napoleon’s offer – even though Napoleon had NO intention of keeping this promise!!!

26. Expansionism • In September 1809, William Henry Harrison, governor of the newly formed Indiana Territory, negotiated the Treaty of Fort Wayne in which a delegation of half-starved Indians ceded 3 million acres of Native American lands to the United States.Harrison was under orders from Washington to negotiate with Indians that claimed the lands that they were ceding. However, he disregarded these orders, as none of the Indians he met with lived on the lands that they ceded.

27. Tecumseh • Tecumseh's opposition to the treaty marked his emergence as a prominent leader. • Indians lose Battle of Tippecanoe • Tecumseh forms alliance with the British

28. Hawks Characteristics Regions Doves Characteristics Regions Hawks vs. Doves

29. War of 1812Pages 233-238 • Comparing the Combatants • Key events – Dead Trolls Song • Treaty of Ghent • Goals • Conditions • Omissions • Imperialism or defense?

30. Dead Trolls and the War of 1812 • War of 1812 Song

31. British Burn D.C.

32. Star Spangled Banner • O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there.O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

33. Battle of New Orleans • On January 8, 1815, American forces, under General Jackson, decisively defeat the British forces trying to capture New Orleans. The battle, which takes place after the Treaty of Ghent has been signed, is the most decisive American victory of the war.

34. Treaty of Ghent • The treaty provided for the return of all captured territory to the country in possession before the outbreak of hostilities. It did not deal with the questions that had been the chief basis of controversy, but provided for joint commissions to negotiate the Northwest Boundary Dispute between the two countries. The questions of naval forces on the Great Lakes and fishing rights were left for future settlement. • So what did it solve?

35. NationalismPages 238-242 • Impact of National consciousness • Hartford Convention • Key Outcomes from the War • American System • Constitutional questions • Era of Ok feelings? • I’m ok, you’re ok?

36. Hartford Convention • MA, CT, RI, NH, VT • Grievances • Financial assistance for lost trade • Amendments for future embargos • 2/3 vote of Congress to declare war • Timing is everything! • Meet after Battle of NO and Treaty • Is this treason?

37. Outcomes • International Recognition • Birth of National Identity (National Pride) • National image and Heroes • Increase in domestic industry • Increase in anti-British sentiment • Increase in Canadian patriotism

38. Financial and Political IssuesPage 242-254 Part 1 • Panic of 1819 • Causes • Consequences • Balance of States • Missouri Compromise • Win/Win or Lose/Lose? • Election of 1820

40. The Tallmadge Amendment • All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. • Passed by the House, not in the Senate. • The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate.

41. John MarshallPages 242-254 Part 2 • Molding (moldy?) Father of the Constitution • Key Decisions • Key Impacts

42. Domestic and Foreign IssuesPages 242-254 Part 3 • Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 • Jackson returns • European view of democracy • Monroe Doctrine • Key elements • Targets • Impacts

43. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 • Referred to as America’s Self-Defense Doctrine. What warning is given to the European countries? What foreign policy principles are established? Monroe Doctrine What would the US do if the warning was not headed?

44. Summary of Monroe’s Message to Congress • “The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers"; • “We should consider any attempt {by the nations of Europe} to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety"; and • “In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do."