Using Informational Text to Address the CCLS in Science

1. Using Informational Text to Address the CCLS in Science Gary Carlin, CFN 603 Session 4: Thursday, February 14, 2013 Lehman High School 8:30-10:30 am

2. Session Four Agenda • Informational Text • Frontloading • Concept Mapping • Lexile Text Measure

3. Using Informational Text

4. 4 Major Pieces of Informationin Informational Text x x ALGAE x Clogs up water pipes x x Asex Reproduction Copper to Control Growth x x x

5. African Green Monkey African green monkeys have been used in scientific research since the 1950s, and cell lines derived from its tissues are still used today to produce vaccines for polioand smallpox. Since they naturally develop simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the ancestor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) they are used in studying AIDS.

7. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome • Serious form of pneumonia caused by a virus • Virus was first identified in 2003 • Spread by infected person coughing and sneezing and spraying droplets (that contain the virus) into the air • Symptoms include: chills and shaking, cough, fever, head ache and muscle aches.

8. Apply Information

9. Experiment • The Experimental and Control Groups • Control: “no factor” -------a comparison group

10. Placebo: Real or Fake?

11. Informational Text “An Experimental SARS Vaccine Works in Animals Scientists reported that they had protected animals from the effects of the SARS virus by using an experimental vaccine. The SARS virus causes an acute respiratory illness in humans and other animals. This vaccine was sprayed once into the nostrils of each of four African green monkeys. Four weeks later, these monkeys were exposed to the virus that causes SARS. The monkeys showed no sign of the disease in their respiratory tracts. Blood tests confirmed the presence of proteins known as neutralizing antibodies that indicate protection against disease. The scientists also sprayed a placebo (a substance that did not contain the vaccine) into the nostrils of each of four other African green monkeys. After exposure to the virus that causes SARS, all of these monkeys developed symptoms of this condition.”

12. While They Read … • 1. Science Content Words (RED) • 2. “Struggle” Words (Green) • 3. Procedure Order (Blue) • 4. Why or How Question (Purple)

13. Informational Text “An Experimental SARS Vaccine Works in Animals Scientists reported that they had protected animals from the effects of the SARS virus by using an experimental vaccine. The SARS virus causes an acuterespiratory illness in humans and other animals. 1. This vaccine was sprayed once into the nostrils of each of four African green monkeys. 2. Four weeks later, these monkeys were exposed to the virus that causes SARS. The monkeys showed no sign of the disease in their respiratory tracts. 3. Blood tests confirmed the presence of proteins known as neutralizingantibodies that indicate protection against disease. 4. The scientists also sprayed a placebo (a substance that did not contain the vaccine) into the nostrils of each of four other African green monkeys. 5. After exposure to the virus that causes SARS, all of these monkeys developed symptoms of this condition.”

14. Concept Maps • Organize information and establish relationships between ideas/concepts. • People learn best by adding new information to what they already know. • More than one correct way to do a concept map (differentiation).

15. Map Basics • Ideas are expressed as words or phrases and enclosed in circles (nodes). • Main idea at top of map. • Nodes are connected by cross-links that state the connection between the ideas. • General concepts are linked to more specific ideas and then to examples.

16. Concept Map of What a Concept Map is

17. Which can get as complex as needed

18. Getting Started … • Examples of good maps displayed. • Start with incomplete maps with fill-in the blanks. • List of scrambled concepts and linking words (“word bank”) and ask students to put words into the correct category.

19. Concept Map: Fill-in the Blank

23. Good Idea, but … • Write Main Idea on top of your paper. • Write Key Words (concepts) on post-its or slips of paper. • Move around (General to Specific) until you decide which arrangement works best for you.

27. Usually More Structure Needed How is Yogurt Made? Yogurt is essentially fermented milk, and originated thousands of years ago as a way for Balkan tribes to preserve dairy products. It starts when friendly bacteria are added to cow’s milk (other kinds of milk can be used). If kept at 110 degrees for several hours, the bacteria multiply and ferment. The milk’s natural lactose turns into a lactic acid, which then reacts with the milk’s natural proteins. The result is the creamy, smooth-textured treat we call yogurt. -Daily News, Sunday, April 1, 2001

28. Identifying Key Words

29. Main Idea Linking Words Linking Words Linking Words Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Linking Words Generic Start … Linking Words

30. Concept Mapping • Single words or short phrases. • Main idea at top of map. • Linking lines (arrows) are labeled with words (mainly verbs and conjunctions) that make complete sentences when read. • Most general concepts are top and more specific at the bottom.

31. YOGURT Was first made by the is a is made from include preserved Dairy Product Cow’s Milk Balkan Tribes Possible Sample To Read: Concepts in nodes can be read as singular or plural.

32. Cow’s Milk Contains Lactose Protein Water Use Same Linking Wordsfor Different Key Words

33. Getting Started? Creating a Concept Map

34. “Fish Kills” In recent years, the striped bass population in Chesapeake Bay has been decreasing. This is due, in part, to events known as “fish kills,” a large die-off of fish. Fish kills occur when oxygen-consuming processes in the aquatic ecosystem require more oxygen than the plants in the ecosystem produce, thereby reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen available to the fish. One proposed explanation for the increased fish kills in recent years is that human activities have increased the amount of sediment suspended in the water of Chesapeake Bay, largely due to increased erosion into its tributary streams. The sediment acts as a filter for sunlight, which causes a decrease in the intensity of the sunlight that reaches the aquatic plants in the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem.

35. “Frontloading” • Visuals of the text • Establish Relationships • See an Entire Process • Generate Interest/Motivate

36. Striped Bass

38. Chesapeake Bay

39. In Relationship to NY

40. Fish Kills

41. Dissolved Oxygen

42. Water Pollution & DO

43. Erosion: Chesapeake Bay

44. Aquatic Plants And Algae of Chesapeake Bay

45. Fish Kills Linking Words Linking Words Linking Words Linking Words Start Your Map! Linking Words

46. Get Started! Think Template: Blank paper only slows the process down!

47. Group Question • Brainstorm: What criteria do you use to determine the difficulty of a text?

48. Lexile Text Measure • “Difficulty of a Text” • 200 (Beginning Reader) – 1600 (Advanced) • Based on Two Comprehension Predictors: • 1. Word Frequency • 2. Sentence Length • Use to determine appropriate reading materials (w/other factors: age, content, interest)

49. Lexile.com • Lexile Tools  Lexile Analyzer • Register/Sign-In • Browse/Upload 1000 word max .txt document • English and Spanish versions

50. H.S. Lexile Levels Current“Stretch” • 11-2 1070–1220 1185-1385 • 9-10 960–1115 1050-1335 • 6-8 860–1010 925-1185