1 / 52

Absolutism in Russia

Absolutism in Russia. Ivan to Peter. Russian Beginnings before 9 th C. Many Ethnic Groups in Russia Scythians Alans Finns Turks Magyars. Siberia  “Permafrost”. Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C 150,000,000 population.

chase-harrison
Télécharger la présentation

Absolutism in Russia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Absolutism in Russia Ivan to Peter

  2. Russian Beginnings before 9th C • Many Ethnic Groups in Russia • Scythians • Alans • Finns • Turks • Magyars

  3. Siberia  “Permafrost” • Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C • 150,000,000 population. • A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

  4. Slavs move in • Farmers • Grew barley, wheat, rye • Traded forest products: • Timber, fur, fish

  5. Vikings take over • Slavs peaceful—do not fight • Rurik moves in: First Viking Ruler • Oleg, his successor, captures Kiev

  6. Early Russia

  7. Kieven Rus • Good location for trade • On Dnieper River • Constantinople nearby • Trade forest products for manufactured goods and ideas

  8. Early Byzantine Influences:Orthodox Christianity

  9. Early Byzantine Influences:Orthodox Christianity

  10. Cyril and Methodius • Monks • 850 AD left Constantinople to spread Christianity to Slavs • Created Cyrillic language • Taught Slavs their alphabet—from Greek language

  11. Early Byzantine Influences:Cyrillic Alphabet

  12. 988—Vladimir I • Vladimir renounces his pagan ways and wives • Accepts Christianity • 999—orders all Kievens to be baptized • Christian world—one leader: Pope in Rome

  13. 1054—Christianity splits • Patriarch of Constantinople refused to accept Papal Supremacy • Split continues today • Eastern/Greek Orthodoxy centered in Constantinople

  14. 1453—Constantinople Falls • Turks sack Constantinople • Power of patriarch reduced • Russian Church leaders gain power

  15. 16th Century Church • Russia independent of Greek Orthodox Church • Rejected control of Patriarch in Constantinople • Moscow becomes center of Russian Orthodoxy

  16. Patriarch’s influence • Russian Patriarchs close to Tsars • Encourage strong control over Peasants • Russia separated from Western Ideas • Split with Rome

  17. Russian Separation • Native Russian used in Church, not Latin • Russian scholars isolated from intellectual developments in West

  18. Decline of Kieven Rus • Despite advantages: good soil, rivers, Black Sea trade Many Problems: Succession of Rulers had to hold territorial seats to become ruler Threats of (Mongol) nomads, Loss of Northern trade

  19. 1223: Golden Horde Enters Russia • Batu Khan+ Gold Colored tents • 1240: sacks Kiev • Only Novgorod Free, but forced to recognize Tatar Ruler for 200 years

  20. Novgorod

  21. Mongol Rule • Loose control of Russia • Russians paid tribute to Khan • Could manage their own affairs • Russian Princes wanted to unite, • Appealed to West for help—none came

  22. The Mongols Invade Russia

  23. Mongol Rule • No help from West • Asian customs adopted • Women’s status declined • Slavs poor; few rights • Tatar words, clothing, architecture accepted • Autocracy

  24. Emergence of Moscow • Moscow Princes gained favor from Tatars • Right to collect taxes • Moscow River replaces Dnieper as main trade route • 1299—Head of Russian Orthodox church moves to Moscow

  25. Moscow • Church became unifying factor for Russian People under Tatars • Moscow strongest and largest of small Russian states • Gains control over lesser Princes

  26. Ivan III 1462-1505 • Ivan the Great: Founder of Russian Nation State • 1st to use title “Tsar” • Refused to pay tribute to Tatars • Mongols divided; lost power

  27. Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

  28. Ivan III 1462-1505 • 1472: married Sophia, niece of last Byzantine emperor • Moscow becomes 3rd Rome—New holy city • Autocratic rule

  29. Serfdom in Russia • Before Tatar invasion, serfs free to move around • Invasion destroyed: fields, animals, buildings • Peasants sold labor or promised part of their crops to get loans

  30. Serfdom in Russia • Poorest most vulnerable could not pay off debt • Debt serfdom replaced by legal serfdom • Serfs tied to land by law • Could not move

  31. Serfdom in Russia • As nobility grew, so did serfdom; • Labor laws passed • Peasants stayed on land and worked for landowners • Deadening effect on economy • Inefficient work

  32. Serfdom in Russia • Serfs not motivated as in West • Serfs poor • Whole nation affected • Lasts until 1861

  33. Ivan IV 1533-1584 • Grandson of Ivan III • Orphaned at age 8 • Becomes Tsar at 17 • Extended Russian boundaries and drove to Siberia • Destroyed power of Boyars

  34. Ivan IV 1533-1584 • Thousands executed • Kills Ivan, his oldest son • 1584—Russia stronger

  35. Time of Troubles 1584-1613 • Who will be heir? • Dmitri, child of Ivan’s 7th wife would not be recognized by the Church • Feodor was retarded; spent most of his time in prayer

  36. Time of Troubles • Feodor ‘ruled’ 14 years • Boyars began fighting autocracy • Boris Godunov becomes regent • Defeated the Romanov family (killed many important members; they were still popular w/people)

  37. Time of Troubles • 1591: mysterious death—10-year old Dmitry is found dead, with his throat cut • Death ruled accidental: he was playing with a knife and had an epileptic seizure; killed himself • Was it Godunov?

  38. Time of Troubles 1598 • Feodor dies w/out heir • Boris Godunov is elected Tsar by zemsky sobor • Godunov: popular, experienced in government, honorable

  39. Time of Troubles • Godunov tries to stabilize Russia: destroy boyars, rest of Romanovs • Favored enlightenment • Tried to set up university in Moscow—church balked • Sent students abroad to study

  40. Time of Troubles • 1601: Drought/famine hit Russia • Godunov tried to collect and redistribute food; • 1 million die • Armed mobs ravaged towns, looking for food

  41. Time of Troubles • Rumors spread that Dmitry was not really dead—they knifed the wrong boy • A young man appears and claims to be the true prince of Russia (False Dmitry I)

  42. Time of Troubles • False Dmitry I got recognition from Poland; • In exchange for support, he promised to make Russia Catholic once he takes the throne

  43. Time of Troubles • 1604: Polish Warriors, Cossacks, peasants support False Dmitry I; invade Russia • Boris Godunov fought, but with victory in sight, Godunov becomes sick and dies • 1605: False Dmitry entered Moscow—crowned Tsar

  44. Time of Troubles • False Dmitry reigned 13 months • Poles antagonized Muscovites, tried to make them submit to Catholicism

  45. Time of Troubles • Finally, Prince Vasily Shuisky organizes Russian soldiers, townsfolk • Slaughtered the Poles; executed False Dmitry; burned his remains • Stuffed them into a cannon and fired towards Poland • Elected Shuisky Tsar

  46. Time of Troubles • 1606-1613 Shuisky is a Boyar-Tsar: no power base • Ivan Bolotnikov led a mass revolt of Cossacks, runaway peasants, and vagabonds against all authority and property owners; reached Moscow before it was defeated

  47. Time of Troubles • Other Pretenders tried to take the throne: False Dmitry II—set up headquarters in Tushino: 2 Tsars w/equal followers • 1610 Shuisky deposed • False Dmitry II murdered over $

  48. Time of Troubles • Russia had no Tsar, no government • Ineffective Duma (led by boyars) tried to rule • Western claims made: Sweden, Poland seized territories

  49. Time of Troubles • Russian People rallied together: Begun in churches • “3rd Rome must not be allowed to fall to Catholic ‘heretics’ of the West”

  50. Time of Troubles • Citizens of Novgorod gave 1/3 of all possessions to finance crusade • Great national army formed: Marched on Moscow and wiped out the Polish garrison there • Neither Poland nor Sweden challenged it

More Related