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Renaissance Facts

Renaissance Facts. Webb Senior English. The Basics. Fewer than 73 million people live in Renaissance Europe All of England population combined smaller than modern day Chicago Largest cities are Paris, Naples, and Venice with 150,000 people

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Renaissance Facts

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  1. Renaissance Facts Webb Senior English

  2. The Basics • Fewer than 73 million people live in Renaissance Europe • All of England population combined smaller than modern day Chicago • Largest cities are Paris, Naples, and Venice with 150,000 people • Over 80% of locals live in tiny villages that are about a day’s walk from one another

  3. Basics cont. • To correct time differences the Julian calendar (set up by Julius Caesar) Pope Gregory XIII sets up the Gregorian calendar (closer to actual solar year) • Common folk speak local languages: Spanish, English, French, German, and Italian • Scientists, officials, judges, and priests speak Latin • People begin to use last names--usually taken from their trade (Miller, Tailor, Smith) or become known as the son of their father (John’s son-Johnson)

  4. Money Matters • A variety of coins are in circulation: pfennings, hellers, ecus, florins, gulden, orrt, anglots, ducats, and stuivers. • The coins are made from gold and silver and carried in bags--paper money doesn’t exist • People sometimes shave a bit off the coin, reducing the value--weighing coins determines their worth • Trade often takes place instead of money: spices like pepper are easy to sell at profit

  5. Money Matters cont. • Every city has it’s own currency--moneychangers will exchange money for correct currency • Rich merchant bankers are available for people from commoners to kings to lend money--Jakob Fugger “Jakob the Rich” becomes one of the most powerful men in Europe • Prices: a small, unbound book--1 ducat a horse-6 ducats yearly salary for a servant--7 ducats yearly salary for a professor--100 to 150 ducats(a ducat was worth roughly about $2.00 modern)

  6. Clothing • Clothing is very important (for distinction) • Only nobles may wear fur • Lepers wear a gray coat and a red hat • Jews by law must wear a large yellow circle on their shirts • A wealthy person might have over forty gowns and shoes, but a peasant may own only one change of clothes

  7. Clothing cont. • Clothes help set apart people: scented gloves, pink capes, velvet shoes, gold chains--men • Women wear dresses of ornate patterns with jewels and gold thread • Blondes are the ideal for women, but fake blonde in way of hair bundling works too (extensions?) • Short hair and pointy beards for men

  8. Size and Shape and Body Stuff • Average man is around five foot tall and about 135 lbs. Women are smaller • Bathing and washing hair not stressed • Perfume popular • Washing clothes a few times a year • Cosmetics not in much use, but white complexions are prized • Aristocrats wear plenty of jewelry • Knights wear their signet ring; men have daggers or swords

  9. Arts and Entertainment • Leonardo D Vince paints the Mona Lisa between 1503 and 1506. Portrait is of Lisa del Giocondo • Festivals are very popular • Late 1400s religious productions; 1500s Shakespeare • Chess is a favorite board game from rich to peasants • Horse races, as well as cattle and pig races • Jousting, and fake battles • Cruel animal sports take place, as well as criminals and prisoners in place of animals

  10. Arts/Entertainment cont. • No museums--art belongs to the wealthy; churches contain art; wealthy commission artists to create art • Art is realistic, using math to create depth, angles and perception • Cabinet of curiosities • Only churches, universities, kings own books; large collections fewer than three hundred titles • 1457 Johannes Gutenberg prints first book- The Bible • Textbooks among first books to be printed • 1460s and 1470s books bought from book printers; 1480s booksellers • Albrecht Durer carves pictures into wood blocks to spread works • Catholic Church begins to censor books, such as Copernicus (sun is center)

  11. Home Sweet Home • Inns not readily available- travelers might stay in a private home • Well-off peasant: dung heap outside, animals inside with everyone else in one single room; everyone in one big bed; rushes cover clay floors, but changing isn’t too often, maybe after 20 years • Prosperous Merchant: two or three stories high; ground floor is shop, first floor large kitchen; upper floor is bedroom. • Wealthy: townhouses with columns and arches with courtyards; precious stones, furs, tapestries cover walls; several rooms available as living space • Inns: some nice, some dirty; might sleep on a bench or everybody in one big bed; people hang out in dining room to share stories. There might be entertainers. • Monasteries are open to travelers. Make a donation or stay for free.

  12. Eats • Two meals: breakfast-between 9 am and 10 am; supper at 5 pm • Forks are rare--hands are fine; knives are available. • Wealthy diet: 15 to 20 dishes at dinner; gold dust might be sprinkled on food; herons, swans, peacocks, larks, robins storks are on menu • Peasant diet: thin soup and black bread plus eggs and poultry; not much meat; slaughtered meat is salted--no refrigeration; pigs for selling instead of eating; deer, boar, seal, porpoise, goat, hedgehog, mice, whatever— • Water is filthy; no coffee or tea; wine, beer, or ale for adults; milk for kids

  13. Safe and Sane • The body has four humors: blood, yellow bile, phlegm, and black bile; balance is key • Blood letting helps remove bad blood; leeches are used, as well as lancing • Kings and queens believed to have healing powers. • Many babies die at childbirth • No antibiotics--watch out for even a common scrape • Religious groups run hospitals • Ringworm, sprains, colds, and cataracts are common • No anesthesia--four strong men hold the patient down

  14. Safe and Sane cont. • Famine comes about every four years • Black Death: 10 percent of English population die of outbreak in 1471 • Plague dealt better second half of 1500s: government keeps ships at port; streets closed off; gatherings banned; infected families quarantined; infected wear white armbands; strangers observed or 40 days • Hundred Years’ War: 1337-1453 (England and France) • Thirty Years’ War: 1618-1648 (mainly in Germany) • Cannons create need to strengthen walls

  15. Safe and Sane cont. • Renaissance soldiers age: between fifteen and sixty • Clergy, lawyers, heads of households, and servants exempt from military • Sieges: last for months--if you can’t help defend you could get thrown out because of food supply; Women repair walls while men fight • Common punishments: cut off ears, pluck out eyes, rip out tongues, forced fasts, confiscate money, whipping, clubbing, walking hundreds or thousands of miles barefoot--in chains around neck or ankles, drowning, beheadings. Yet crime is still abundant. • Tip: if a criminal--have an education (sign your name, read lines from Bible), and get a lighter sentence (thumb branding maybe) Flunk--you hang

  16. Source • Day, Nancy. Your Travel Guide to Renaissance Europe. Minneapolis, MN Runestone Press, 2001.

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