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Chapter 10 Notes

Chapter 10 Notes. Cell Growth and Division. I. The Cell Cycle. Interphase: the portion of the cell cycle between divisions 1. About 75 – 80% of the life of the cell 2. 3 phases: a. G 1 : cells grow and develop b. S: chromosomes replicate.

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Chapter 10 Notes

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  1. Chapter 10 Notes Cell Growth and Division

  2. I. The Cell Cycle

  3. Interphase: the portion of the cell cycle between divisions 1. About 75 – 80% of the life of the cell 2. 3 phases: a. G1: cells grow and develop b. S: chromosomes replicate

  4. 1. Duplicated chromosomes are called sister chromatids 2. Sister chromatids attach at a point called a centromere 3. Chromosomes are now “double stranded”

  5. sister chromatids centromere

  6. c. G2: organelles required for division reproduce

  7. d. Appearance of the cell during interphase:

  8. Cell Division: cell divides into 2 daughter cells 1. Mitosis: division of nucleus Click for overview of mitosis

  9. a. Prophase 1. Chromosomes become visible 2. Nuclear membrane breaks down; nucleolus disappears 3. Spindle begins to form

  10. 4. Appearance of cell in prophase:

  11. b. Metaphase 1. Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell 2. Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids at the centromere

  12. 3. Appearance of the cell in metaphase:

  13. c. Anaphase 1. Sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes 2. Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell

  14. 3. Appearance of the cell in anaphase:

  15. d. Telophase: 1. New nuclear envelopes form; nucleolus reappears 2. Spindle breaks down

  16. 3. Appearance of cell in telophase:

  17. 2. Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm a. In animal cells, cell membrane pinches inward:

  18. b. In plant cells, cell plate forms in the center:

  19. II. Regulating the Cell Cycle • Proteins called cyclins stimulate division during growth and repair • Uncontrolled cell growth can lead to cancer 1. Some causes: heredity, chemicals, radiation

  20. 2. Cancer cells do not respond to signals that regulate growth 3. Cells grow unregulated leading to tumors a. Benign: cells stay together

  21. b. Malignant: cells spread and grow elsewhere - invade healthy tissues - lack surface proteins which cause them to stick together

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