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Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings. Chapter 8 1801-1824. Questions. How did Jefferson’s philosophy of government affect his administration? Why did Jefferson’s Republican Party split into warring factions?
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Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings Chapter 8 1801-1824
Questions • How did Jefferson’s philosophy of government affect his administration? • Why did Jefferson’s Republican Party split into warring factions? • Why did Jefferson’s successor, James Madison, ask Congress to declare war on Great Britain? • How did war in Europe both endanger and benefit the United States?
The Age of Thomas Jefferson 1801-1805 • Jefferson and Jeffersonianism • Thomas Jefferson- intellectual, scientist, inventor, statesman • Author of the Declaration of Independence • “All men Are Created Equal” • Did not believe in mixing the races for equality • Sally Hemmings • Distrusted Federal power/Louisiana Purchase • Educated Farmer class should govern
Jefferson’s Revolution • Attempted to repeal Federalists measures/ Alien and Sedition Acts • Reduced National Debt, Reduced Taxes, • Cut Military Spending and Diplomacy Spending
Jefferson and the Judiciary • Wanted Judiciary Act of 1801 Repealed • Wanted partisan Federalist judges removed • Marbury vs. Madison- Judicial Review
The Louisiana Purchase 1803 • Napoleon defeats Spain and gains control of Louisiana • Jefferson sends James Monroe and Robert Livingston to France with a request to purchase new Orleans for $15 million. • Napoleon agrees to sell all of the Louisiana Territory for $15 million. • Constitution did not explicitly give the federal government power to buy land • Jefferson was a strict constructionist
The Election of 1804 • Jefferson nominated for a second term along with George Clinton/ not Aaron Burr • Federalists nominate Charles Pinckney and Rufus King • Louisiana Purchase, tax and debt reduction win Jefferson a second term
The Lewis and Clark Expedition • Jefferson request funding to explore the newly acquired territory • Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are chosen to lead the expedition • Expedition begins in 1804 and followed the Missouri, Snake and Columbia Rivers to reach the Pacific
The Gathering Storm 1805-1812 • Napoleonic Wars
Challenges on the Home Front • Aaron Burr stirred up factions within the Democratic-Republican Party • Aaron Burr arrested for treason for a conspiracy to separate the western states from the Union. • Jefferson attacked by the Quids over Yazoo Land Scandal and “Republican Virtue”
The Suppression of American Trade and Impressment • British and French forbade American shipping from entering the other’s ports. • Both seized American Shipping • HMS Leopard attacked USS Chesapeake and impressed it’s crewman • Jefferson attempted to avoid war
The Embargo Act of 1807 • Jefferson intended this act to be peaceful coercion • Hoped that economic pressure would make France and Great Britain respect US trading rights • Proved disastrous to the American Economy • New England suffered most
James Madison and the Failure of Peaceable Coercion • Federalist Party is revived because they blamed Jefferson for Economic problems • Madison (Rep) wins the election of 1808 against Charles Pinckney (Fed) • Embargo Act is repealed and replaced by non-intercourse act- this and Macon’s Bill #2 were no more successful than Embargo Act • War Hawks gained more support to go to war against either Great Britain or French
Tecumseh and the Prophet • War Hawks wanted Canada as well • Tecumseh and his brother The Prophet (Shawnee) tried to unify Ohio and Indiana Indian tribes against white settlers • William Henry Harrison defeats the prophet at the Battle of Tippecanoe • Tecumseh joins forces with the British
Congress votes for War • June 1, 1812 Madison asks for a declaration of war • Federalists vote no, Republicans vote yes • Incitement of the Indians • Restrictions on US Shipping • Recession in the South and West blamed on the British • Belief that Britain was trying to eliminate economic rival (US)
The War of 1812 • On to Canada • America attempts to conquer Canada • British take Detroit • Oliver H. Perry successful on Lake Eire • William Henry Harrison wins Battle of Thames
The British Offensive • British take and burn Washington • British fail to take Baltimore • National Anthem
The Treaty of Ghent • Restored pre-war status quo • Battle of New Orleans fought two weeks later- R-E-S-P-E-C-T
The Hartford Convention • Election of 1812 Anti-War Republicans and Federalists support De Witt Clinton for President • Group of Federalists meet in Hartford Conn. in March of 1814, Anti-War Protest • Federalist are defeated by James Monroe in the Election of 1816 and 1820 and the Party all but disappears
The Awakening of American Nationalism • Madison’s Nationalism and the Era of Good Feelings 1817-1824 • Political Consensus and Spirit of Nationalism • New National Bank • Protective Tariff • Slavery is the split
John Marshall and the Supreme Court • Power of the Federal Government is strengthened • Dartmouth College vs. Woodward- no state interference in contracts • McCulloch vs. Maryland- States cannot interfere with Federal law, power, bank
The Missouri Compromise • Missouri applies for statehood • Sectional debate over slavery • Balance 11 free, 11 slave • 1820 • Missouri slave • Maine- Free • 36-30 line for slavery issues
Foreign Policy under Monroe • John Quincy Adams- secretary of state • Rush- Bagot Agreement- demilitarized the border between US and Canada • British-American Convention- Resolved boundary issues between US and Canada, joint occupation of Oregon Territory • Adams-Onis Treaty- US gets Florida
The Monroe Doctrine • December on 1823 • US stays out of European Affairs • Europe does not interfere in the western Hemisphere • Any interference would be looked upon as an act of war