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Landscape services : an indispensable concept for modern landscape monitoring programs

Landscape services : an indispensable concept for modern landscape monitoring programs. Felix Kienast Jacqueline Frick Jochen Jäger 1 , Christian Schwick Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL/ETHZ 1 Concordia University, Montreal, Canada . Landscape monitoring.

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Landscape services : an indispensable concept for modern landscape monitoring programs

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  1. Landscapeservices: an indispensable conceptfor modern landscapemonitoringprograms Felix Kienast Jacqueline Frick Jochen Jäger1, Christian Schwick Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL/ETHZ 1Concordia University, Montreal, Canada

  2. Landscapemonitoring • Landscapemonitoringmeasuresthecapacityoflandscapestodeliverservicesover time • ( landscapeservices) • Itis a must forlandscapemanagementandsuggestedbythe European LandscapeConvention • ( LandscapeObservatories)

  3. Landscapemonitoring • Goodnews: • Numerouslandscapecharacterassessments (LCA) areavailable Wascher et al. (2005)

  4. Landscapemonitoring • Goodnews: • Numerouslandscapecharacterassessments (LCA) areavailable • Bad news: • Many LCAs consistof 1 time steponly, nomonitorings • Frequentlybiasedtowardsnatureinventories • Oftenunabletoaccomodatetheholisticnotion„landscape“ • Manymonitoringsarenot embedded in thelandscapeserviceor EGS paradigm

  5. Countryside Quality Counts Haines-Young (2005)

  6. Conceptofthe Swiss Landscape Monitoring Program Physical landscape Evolutionary determined landscape perception (Kaplan&Kaplan) Land-use Culturally determined landscape perception Kienast et al. in press

  7. Conceptofthe Swiss Landscape Monitoring Program Physical landscape Evolutionary determined landscape perception (Kaplan&Kaplan) Land-use Culturally determined landscape perception LandscapeIndicators Kienast et al. in press

  8. Conceptofthe Swiss Landscape Monitoring Program Landscapeservices / ecologicalintegrity Physical landscape Evolutionary determined landscape perception (Kaplan&Kaplan) Land-use Culturally determined landscape perception LandscapeIndicators Kienast et al. in press

  9. Conceptofthe Swiss Landscape Monitoring Program Landscapeservices / ecologicalintegrity Physical landscape Evolutionary determined landscape perception (Kaplan&Kaplan) Land-use Culturally determined landscape perception LandscapeIndicators Kienast et al. in press

  10. Services assessedbythe Swiss landscapemonitoring Cultural heritage Provisioning Numberofindicators Regulating

  11. Examplesof innovative landscapeindicators

  12. Urban permeation Indicatormeasures „soilconsumption“ (ecologicalintegrity / EGS) • Indicatorcombines: • Area ofbuildings • Dispersion ofbuildings • Numberofinhabitants • (themoreconcentratedthebuildingsandthehigherthelandutilization, thelowertheindex) Jaeger, Bertiller, Schwick, Kienast 2010a,b, Ecol. Indicators

  13. Urban permeation 1935 Low High Schwick, unpublished

  14. Urban permeation 1960 Low High Schwick, unpublished

  15. Urban permeation 1980 Low High Schwick, unpublished

  16. Urban permeation 2002 Low High Schwick, unpublished

  17. Urban permeation 2010 Low High Schwick, unpublished

  18. Fragmentation Indicatormeasures „provisionofsuitablehabitat“ (ecologicalintegrity / EGS)

  19. Light emmissions Indicatormeasures „provisionofsuitablehabitat“ & „health- andrecreationrelatedlandscapeservices“ % areawithcompletenightdarkness Mountain regions Densely populated Plateau & Jura Defense MeteorologicalSatelliteProgram (DMSP); Operational Linescan System (OLS).

  20. Getting an ideaofpeople‘slandscapeexperience • Sampling in 2011in threelanguages G, F, I • 8700 households (35% returned) • Respondentsassessedthelandscape in theirmunicipality • 38 questionstothefollowingperceptionconcepts: • Questionstopreferredlandscapeelements • Coherence • Complexity • Uniqueness • Mysteriosity • Fascination • Legibility • Authenticity

  21. Questions per perceptionconcept • Landscape beauty: Is the landscape beautiful? (4 questions) • Diversity: • Complexity: Are there many things? (4q) • Coherence: Do things fit together? (4 q) • Landscape character: • a) Uniqueness: Is the landscape unique? (3 q) • b) Cultural heritage: Are there signs of former land(scape) use? (3 q) • Mysteriosity:Am I able to discover things? (5 q) • Legibility: Does the landscape support my orientation? (5 q) • Fascination:Isthelandscapeinterestingandunusual? (6 q) • Authenticity:Towhatdegreedoesthelandscapefit theregion‘scharacter? (4 q)

  22. Example: Fascination (Isthelandscapeinterestingandunusual?) Community type: rural-agrarian mixedagrarian rural-commuter industrial touristic periurban rich suburban urban medium Degreeofappreciationhigh

  23. Example: Authenticity (Towhatdegreedoesthelandscapefit theregion‘scharacter?) Community type: rural-agrarian mixedagrarian rural-commuter industrial touristic periurban rich suburban urban medium Degreeofappreciationhigh

  24. Take homemessage • Goodnews / badnews :-) • Onemorelandscapecharacterassessment (LCA)! • Goodnewscontinued: • Swiss landscapemonitoringisindeed a monitoringinvolving different time steps • Holistic in characterandassessesbothnaturalandperceivedaspectsof „landscape“ • embedded in thelandscapeserviceparadigm • Methodologycanbegenerallyadapted

  25. Landscapeservices • Ecosystemserviceassessmentsextendedtoaccomodatethenotion „landscape“ byincludingcontextandperceivedlandscapecharacteristics landscapeservices LandscapestructureEcosystemserviceLandscapeservice Treepatchestimberwoodlandlandscape

  26. Urban permeation(measures „soilconsumption“) • Innovative & widelyacceptedindicators • Index amalgamates: • Area ofbuildings • Dispersion ofbuildings • Numberofinhabitants • (themoreconcentratedthebuildingsandthehigherthelandutilization, thelowertheindex) Weighted urban proliferation WUP = Asettle * g1(DIS) * g2(LU) * DIS Areportunit Jaeger, Bertiller, Schwick, Kienast 2010a,b, Ecol. Indicators

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