1 / 46

Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Morphology. Grammar Safari (xtra credit). Find a morphemically creative word From a naturally occurring source Tell us: What the word means How you know (what each morpheme means) Tree it (we’ll see how to do this later) Example: On next slide… . Safari Example.

cher
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 Morphology

  2. Grammar Safari (xtra credit) • Find a morphemically creative word • From a naturally occurring source • Tell us: • What the word means • How you know (what each morpheme means) • Tree it (we’ll see how to do this later) • Example: • On next slide…

  3. Safari Example • Word: • Bugetarian • Meaning: • One who eats only bugs • How I know • Bug= “root • -etary= having to do with • -ian= one who does…(compare “vegetarian) • Tree: Noun (Noun) -etary(N or Adj) -ian(N) Bug(root)

  4. What’s Missing? was very chalant, despite my efforts to appear gruntled and consolate. I was furling my wieldy umbrella… when I saw her… She was a descript person… Her hair was kempt, her clothing shevelled, and she moved in a gainly way. What’s the pattern in the missing stuff? I

  5. Little Sounds Mean a Lot • What are functions of prefixes & suffixes? • Prefixes/Suffixes = Morphemes • Make a list – • List as many as you can in 1 minute • Which morphemes change the meaning? • What do the others do?

  6. Formal Definition: Morpheme • Smallest unit of meaning in a language • Not necessarily independent • Creative potential • Each has only one meaning

  7. Just Do it: Creating Words • Define “Blog” (noun, verb) • Define “Blogger” (noun only) • Create an ADJ = “like an opinionated posting” • “That sounds a little ____________________.” • Create another ADJ • “I don’t trust her ______________ pronouncements.” • Create an ADV = “as a blogger would do something” • “Jack always writes so ___________________.” • Create a NOUN = “the act of a person who blogs” • “She’s doing a bit of _________________” • In the New York Times William Safire wrote about the “Blogiverse” What do you suppose he meant? Exercise 3.1

  8. Words like “Blogosphere” are: • Dumb – they should always be avoided • OK in comics strips – not in ‘real life’ • ‘Avante Guarde’ – to be used by the daring • Great – use them whenever possible

  9. Extremely Morph-y • Antidisestablishmentarianism • How many morphemes are there? • 3 • 5 • 7 • 9 • None of the above

  10. Extremely Morph-y • Antidisestablishmentarianism • Identify the morphemes… • What does each morpheme mean? • Which are bound? • Which are free?

  11. Derivational Morpheme • A morpheme which causes a word to change in meaning &/or grammatical category • (anti-dis-establish-ment-ari-an-ism) • anti = meaning change • dis = meaning change • establish = free root • ment = grammatical change (V  N) • ari (ary) = grammatical change (N  Adj) • (i)an = grammatical change (Adj  N) • ism = meaning change

  12. List Some Others… • Bound Morphemes(No need to make real words…) • Free Morphemes(No need to make real words…)

  13. Did You Get It? • How many morphemes are in “Unexpectedly” • 1 • 3 • 5 • 7

  14. Did You Get This, Too? • How many BOUND morphemes are in “Destandardize” • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  15. Tree: Unexpectedly ADV ADJ VERB VERB expect(verb) ed(past) ly(adj adv) Un(not)

  16. You Try It: Destandardize verb verb noun ize(NV) Stand(verb) ard(VN) De(not)

  17. Do On Your Own • Outside of class… • Exercise 3.2 p. 40 • Exercise 3.3 p. 40 – 42 • Exercise 3.4 p. 42 The chart at the bottom of page 41 may be helpful

  18. Find Your Own • Using your Grammar & Communication paper, find a word with: • At least 4 morphemes • At least 2 FREE morphemes • At least 2 suffix morphemes

  19. Questions Before we move on…?

  20. Tell Me About It… • Manching my swiltestfresnep all day, the tunkles are bronking to murple a set of swazzlingphubren! • Label the Part of Speech (POS) of the underlined words… (N, V, ADJ, ADV) • What morphemes helped you decide?

  21. Think About It • List the morphemes that we saw above • Are these derivational morphemes? • What do these morphemes do? • Put the morphemes on other words • Put the new words in sentences • Think about what you see…

  22. Key Vocab: Inflectional Morpheme • A morpheme that marks words for grammatical class WITHOUTchanging the basic meaning

  23. Inflection In English: • Nouns Plural: ___ , Possessive: ___ • Verbs Tense/Person ___, ___, ___, ___ • Adj/Adv Comparative/Superlative ___, ___

  24. English Inflectional Morphemes

  25. Inflection (FYI) • Marking a word for a grammatical class • Plural • Possessive • Tense • Contrast • Gender • Gram. Class • Person’s Role • Etc. } English } Other Languages

  26. Did You Get It? • How many morphemes are in: The cakes were eaten • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  27. Did You Get It? • How many morphemes are in: The cakes were eaten • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  28. Did You Get It? • How many morphemes are in: The cakes were eaten • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  29. Did You Get It? - Challenge • How many morphemes are in photographers’ • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5

  30. Find as Many of the Eight Inflections as You Can… … in your G & C paper

  31. Just Do It • Exercises • 3.5 (p. 48-49) • 3.6 (p. 49)

  32. What’s the function of the present tense here? • The birds are watching the tree go away now • It’s habitual – the tree disappears every week • It’s currently relevant - The birds just noticed • This example does not use the present tense

  33. And another exercise… … related point:

  34. I Told You Earlier • Each morpheme as only one meaning • But what about: • dogs • writes • And on the flip side…. (next slide) They are kind of like…

  35. Allomorphs • Readable • Readability • Incredible • Unbelievable • Other pairs?

  36. Zero Allomorph • Verb • I cut the cards (yesterday or everyday) • ______ (another example?) • Noun • Deer (1 or ‘more than one’) • ______ (another example?)

  37. More Funky Stuff… …on the next slide

  38. Functional Shift • Each of these words can fill 2 (or more) functions Record Cap Fly Heavy Result Seat Finish Yellow • What functions does each word fill? • How does the meaning shift for each? • Now add morphemes… What can you create? Exercise 3.7

  39. Did You Get It? - Challenge • How many Parts of Speech (POS) can we make using morphemes added to: High • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 Show each POS in a sentence…

  40. Derivation vs. Inflection See also chart on page 55

  41. Find & Correct the Error • As I read the article by Julia P. Stanley on Homosexual Slang, a lot of things came as a surprise, however something’s were familiar because of my relationship with homosexual peers. • Hint: Look at inflectional morphemes

  42. Find & Correct Again • After gathering drawings of embryonic fish, salamander, hog, calf, rabbit, and human, Haeckel discovered that they all appeared similar in the earliest stages of development. • How does morphology matter here?

  43. Any Morphological Errors… … in your G & C paper?

  44. Do It • Exercise 3.11 • Morphing & Unmorphables (p. 56) • Review Exercises • pp. 57-58 NOTE: All the exercises in the text are relevant & good – even those that aren’t listed in the slides…

  45. For “Tomorrow” • TPQ on Chapter 3 • Begin reading Chapter 4

More Related