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Post-Columbus French Exploration

Post-Columbus French Exploration. 1524 —Giovanni de Verrazano mapped American coastline 1535 —Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence and part of Mississippi Rivers Two failed settlements: one in South Carolina and one destroyed by the Spanish in Florida in 1565. French Civil War.

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Post-Columbus French Exploration

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  1. Post-Columbus French Exploration • 1524—Giovanni de Verrazano mapped American coastline • 1535—Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence and part of Mississippi Rivers • Two failed settlements: one in South Carolina and one destroyed by the Spanish in Florida in 1565

  2. French Civil War • 1580s—France was delayed into New World exploration by its religious civil war • Catholics vs. Protestant Huguenots • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, assassinations, etc. • Henry IV ended this conflict with his Catholic conversion

  3. New France 1608—Samuel de Champlain established a permanent settlement at Quebec French turned to fur-trading for its compensation for debts—don’t look for gold where there is none Iroquois Confederation controlled fur trade in North America

  4. The Iroquois Confederation • Composed of five large tribes: • Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca • Hated and antagonized the French and their Indian trade allies • Algonquin and Huron tribes • 1609—de Champlain joined the Huron in attacking the Iroquois • Killed 3 Iroquois chiefs using firearms

  5. Iroquois pushed the French west in expansion along the Mississippi River 1682—Robert de la Salle claimed the mouth of the River as Louisiana for Louis XIV Fur trade encouraged trade company the Indies Co. to establish New Orleans in 1718 as a trade capital

  6. French Stagnation • Louis XIV’s military engagements drained France of the necessary population AND funds to support permanent settler societies • 3,000 settlers by 1660 • 15,000 settlers by 1700 • Only the neglected French Huguenots were willing to emigrate en masse to New France • He forbade their emigration • Louis XIV only saw Louisiana as useful in exporting French criminals and ne'er-do-wells

  7. The Dutch • The Dutch formed a loose confederation of the 7 Dutch provinces into the Netherlands in 1609 after a 30 year war with Spain • Unproductive and flooded land encouraged a powerful maritime and commercial industry

  8. Dutch East India Company • Amsterdam was Europe’s financial capital by 1650 • Dutch East India Co. spearheaded Dutch New World colonization • Henry Hudson attempted to find the Northwest Passage • Navigated the Hudson River • Invested in the fur trade with the Iroquois

  9. Dutch Diversity • Established the New Netherland colony (Ft. Nassau) to exploit trade with the Iroquois and later the city of New Amsterdam (NYC) • The Dutch didn’t restrict emigration and welcomed any who was willing to help make Dutch trade profitable • Women were able to own property, write contracts, and earn profit even if married

  10. Dutch Failure • Ultimately, the Dutch failed for many of the same reasons the French did—too few settlers • By 1660, only 5,000 settlers • Tried to attract settlers with Patroon titles and land grants

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