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SOC101Y

SOC101Y. Introduction to Sociology Professor Robert Brym Lecture #2 21 Sep 11. Course Website http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/soc101y/brym.

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SOC101Y

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  1. SOC101Y Introduction to Sociology Professor Robert Brym Lecture #2 21 Sep 11 Course Websitehttp://www.chass.utoronto.ca/soc101y/brym

  2. Culture is the sum of socially transmitted ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to overcome real-life problems. Culture gives us guidelines for how to act. • A society exists when people interact and share culture, generally in a geographically delimited area.

  3. Hero’s Aeolopile, 1st century c.e.

  4. The Atanasoff-Berry Digital Computer, circa 1939

  5. Ethnocentrisminvolves judging another culture exclusively by the standards of one’s own. • Cultural relativismis the belief that all elements of all cultures should be respected as equally valid.

  6. Prevalence over 90% in: • Egypt • Guinea • Eritrea • Djibouti • Mali • Somalia • Sierra Leone Prevalence of Cliterectomy in Africa

  7. Canada’s Foreign-Born Population by Continent of Birth, 1981-2031 Foreign-born Canadians as percent of population* 1881 14.0% 1931 22.2% 1981 15.8% 2006 19.8% 2031 26.5% * Percentages were read from a graph and are therefore approximate.

  8. Years from Invention to 25 Percent Market Penetration (year of invention in parentheses) Years to 25 percent market penetration

  9. In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will help or harm humankind? (percent who say “will help”) Percent

  10. Postmodernism involves: • The eclectic mixing of cultural elements from different times and places; • the erosion of authority; and • the decline of consensus around core values

  11. Rationalization is the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the often unintended, negative consequences of doing so. • A bureaucracyis a large, impersonal organization composed of many clearly defined positions arranged in a hierarchy. It has a permanent, salaried staff of qualified experts and written goals, rules and procedures. Staff members strive to achieve goals more efficiently.

  12. Approximate Income, Cost and Profit per SOC101 Student, U of T, 1993 and 2010 * Excludes overhead

  13. Consumerism is a lifestyle that involves defining one’s self in terms of the goods one purchases.

  14. ICE-T (Tracy Marrow) Early 80s: Inventor of gansta rap Now: Detective Finn, Law and Order SVU

  15. Six marriages took place in Hampton (population: 2,000) in 2010. Twelve marriages took place in Sussex (population: 3,000) in 2010. In which town is the marriage rate higher? 1. Hampton 2. Sussex 3. Both the same 4. Impossible to say with the given information

  16. We want to compare marriage in the two towns but the frequency of marriages is influenced by the size of the town. We must therefore “standardize” or “control for” size . We do this by calculating rates – the number of marriages for every 100,000 residents (m). Hampton marriage rate: 6/2,000 = m/100,000 6 x 100,000 = 2,000 x m 600,000 = 2,000m m=300 Sussex marriage rate: 12/3,000 = m/100,000 12 x 100,000 = 3,000 x m 1,200,000 = 3,000m m=400 When we solve for x, we arrive at the marriage rate, that is, the the number of marriages per 100,000 residents. This allows us to compare marriage in the two towns as if they were the same size.

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