Breaking the Lifecycle of the Modern Threat

1. Breaking the Lifecycle of the Modern Threat Santiago Polo Sr. Systems Engineer Palo Alto Networks, Inc.

2. About Palo Alto Networks • Palo Alto Networks is the Network Security Company • World-class team with strong security and networking experience • Founded in 2005, first customer July 2007 • Top-tier investors • Builds next-generation firewalls that identify / control 1400+ applications • Restores the firewall as the core of the enterprise network security infrastructure • Innovations: App-ID™, User-ID™, Content-ID™ • Global footprint:6,000+ customers in 70+ countries, 24/7 support

3. What Has Changed / What is the Same The Sky is Not Falling • Not new, just more common • Solutions exist • Don’t fall into “the APT ate my homework” trap The attacker changed • Nation-states • Criminal organizations • Political groups Attack strategy evolved • Patient, multi-step process • Compromise user, then expand Attack techniques evolved • New ways of delivering malware • Hiding malware communications • Signature avoidance

4. Strategy: Patient Multi-Step Intrusions Organized Attackers The Enterprise Infection Command and Control Escalation Exfiltration Exfiltration

5. Challenges to Traditional Security • Threats coordinate multiple techniques, while security is segmented into silos • Exploits, malware, spyware, obfuscation all part of a patient, multi-step intrusion • Threats take advantage of security blind spots to keep from being seen • Patient attacks must repeatedly cross the perimeter without being detected • Targeted and custom malware can bypass traditional signatures • The leading edge of an attack is increasingly malware that has never been seen before.

6. Regaining Control Over Modern Threats Fast Flux Vulnerabilities Denial of Service SQL Injection DangerousURLs Malware Sites Malware Botnets Key Loggers Cross-SiteScripting © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

7. Visibility • Visibility is Fundamental • You can’t stop what you can’t see • Virtually all threats other than DoS depend on avoiding security • Full Stack Inspection of All Traffic • All traffic, on all ports, all the time • Progressive decoding of traffic to find hidden, tunneled streams • Contextual decryption of SSL • Control the Applications That Hide Traffic • Limit traffic to approved proxies, remote desktop applications • Block bad applications like encrypted tunnels, circumventors

8. Control the Methods Threats Use to Hide If you can’t see it, you can’t stop it • Encrypted Traffic • SSLis the new standard • Proxies • Reverse proxiesare hacker favorites • Remote Desktop • Increasingly standard • Compressed Content • ZIP files, compressed HTTP • Encrypted Tunnels • Hamachi, Ultrasurf, Tor • Purpose-built to avoid security Circumventors and Tunnels Encryption (e.g. SSL) Proxies (e.g CGIProxy) Compression (e.g. GZIP)  Outbound C&C Traffic © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

9. Block the Applications That Hide Traffic Block Unneeded and High-Risk Applications • Block (or limit) peer-to-peer applications • Block unneeded applications that can tunnel other applications • Review the need for applications known to be used by malware • Block anonymizerssuch as Tor • Block encrypted tunnel applications such as UltraSurf • Limit use to approved proxies • Limit use of remote desktop

10. Control Known Threats • Brute Force • Code-Execution • Denial of Service • Data Leakage • Overflows • Scanning • SQL Injection • Botnets • Browser Hijacks • Adware • Backdoors • Keyloggers • Net-Worms • Peer-to-Peer • Modern attacks are patient and use multiple techniques • Threats are more than exploits • Malware • Dangerous URLs • Spyware • Command and Control Traffic • Circumvention Techniques • Context is Key • Clear visibility into all URLs, users, applications and files connected to a particular threat

11. “Okay, but what about unknown and targeted malware?” © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

12. The Malware Window of Opportunity Time required to capture 1st sample of malware in the wild Total Time Exposed Time required to create and verify malware signature Time before antivirus definitions are updated Days and weeks until users are protected by traditional signatures

13. Attackers Target the Window of Opportunity Targeted Attacks Malware Construction Kits Refreshed Malware © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

14. Controlling Unknown Malware Using the Next-Generation Firewall • Introducing WildFire • New feature of the Palo Alto Networks NGFW • Captures unknown inbound files and analyzes them for 70+ malicious behaviors • Analysis performed in a cloud-based, virtual sandbox • Automatically generates signatures for identified malware • Infecting files and command-and-control • Distributes signatures to all firewalls via regular threat updates • Provides forensics and insight into malware behavior • Actions on the target machine • Applications, users and URLs involved with the malware © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

15. Case Study - Password Stealing Botnets © 2010 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

16. Malware Analysis

17. Malware Analysis

18. Malware Analysis

19. Case Study - Enterprise Phishing DHL-international-shipping-ID DHL-international-shipping-notification Malware DHL-Express-Notification-JAN United-Parcel-Service-Invoice USPS-Failed-Delivery_Notification US-CERT Operations Center Report USPS Report Shipping and Security are common topics for enterprise phishing • Fake DHL, USPS, UPS and FedEx delivery messages • Fake CERT notifications Ongoing Phishing Operations • Large volumes of malware – commonly in the top 3 of daily unknown malware seen in enterprises • Correlate new malware talking back to the same malware servers • Refreshed daily to avoid traditional AV signatures

20. Trusted Sources CNET/Download.com • Strong reputation for providing safe downloads of shareware and freeware that are verified to be malware free. • In early December 2011 WildFire began identifying files from Download.com as containing spyware. • CNET had begun providing software downloads in a wrapper that installed subtle spyware designed to track shopping habits • Changed a variety of client and browser security settings Changed security settings Changed proxy settings Changed Internet Explorer settings Installed a service to leak advertising and shopping data over HTTP POSTs.

21. An Integrated Approach to Threat Prevention Unknown & Targeted Threats WildFire control of unknown and targeted malware Unknown traffic analysis Anomalous network behaviors Dangerous URLs Malware hosting URLs Newly registered domains SSL decryption of high-risk sites Applications All traffic, all ports, all the time Application signatures Heuristics Decryption Exploits&Malware Block threats on all ports NSS Labs Recommended IPS Millions of malware samples Reduce the attack surface Remove the ability to hide Prevents known threats Exploits, malware, C&C traffic Block known sources of threats Be wary of unclassified and new domains Pinpointslive infections and targeted attacks Decreasing Risk © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

22. Roundtable Discussion