Chapter 8: The Progressive Era 1890-1920

1. Chapter 8: The Progressive Era1890-1920 Section 1: The Drive for Reform

2. Progressivism • Emerged in the 1890s • Believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice.

3. Text Notes • The progressives shared the belief that industrialization and urbanization had created troubling social and political problems. Progressives wanted to being about reforms that would correct the injustices.

4. Muckrakers • Journalist who exposed the ills of society and talked about the need for reform. • A muckrake was a tool that was used to clean manure and hay out of an animal’s stable. T.R. gave them this name.

5. Lincoln Steffens • Editor for McClure’sMagazine. • Wrote The Shame of the Cities • A collection of articles exposing political corruption.

6. Jacob Riis • A photographer for the New York Evening Sun. • He took pictures of the crowded, unsafe, rat infested tenement buildings the urban poor lived in. • How the Other Half Lives

17. Ida Tarbell • The History of the Standard Oil Company • Discussed Rockefellers ruthless business practices.

18. Upton Sinclair • Published The Jungle a novel that depicted the unsanitary conditions at a meat packing industry.

19. Text Notes • The work of the Muckrakers increased popular support for Progressivism and helped the Progressives bring about reform. Progressives promoted laws to improve living conditions, public health, and schools.

20. Social Gospel • Called for people to apply Christian principles to address social problems. • Walter Rauschenbusch

21. Settlement Houses • Community service centers in poor neighborhoods. • Offered educational opportunities, skills training, and cultural events.

22. Jane Addams 1860 –1935 • Dedicated her life to helping the urban poor. • Also promoted women’s suffrage

23. The Hull House • A settlement house in Chicago (1889) • Ellen Gates Star and Jane Adams opened it. • Offered educational opportunities, skills training, and cultural events.

24. Florence Kelley • A lawyer who helped convince Illinois to ban child labor. • Many states soon followed. • helped form the National Child Labor Committee

25. Keating-Owens Act • 1916 • Banned child labor • A few years later SC said it was unconstitutional. • Child labor would finally be banned for good in 1938

26. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire • March 1911 • Workers could not escape the fire because managers had locked all the exit doors. • Killed 146 women • Many jumped from the windows.

27. Galveston • 1900 a hurricane left the city of Galveston, Texas in ruins. • 8,000 died

28. Galveston Plan • To deal with disaster the mayor was replaced with a five person commission.

29. Text Notes • Many cities in the U.S. decided to take up the Galveston Plan of gov’t. By 1900 nearly 500 cities had adopted some form of the Galveston Plan. The new form of city gov’t curbed the power of bosses and their political machines. The reform governments’ purchased public utilities so that electric, gas, and water companies could not charge city residents unfairly high rates.

30. Direct Primary • An election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for an upcoming election.

31. Initiative • Gave people the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot by the next election by collecting citizens signatures.

32. Referendum • Allowed citizens to approve or reject law passed by Congress.

33. Recall • Allowed citizens to remove public servants from office before their term ended.

34. Text Notes • There were many Progressives that became the leaders of several states. These men would seek change and the nation would soon have to follow.

35. Chapter 8: The Progressive Movement Section 2: Women Make Progress

36. Text Notes • In the early 1900s a number of women wanted to do more than fulfill their roles as wives and mothers. They wanted to expand their role in the community.

37. Florence Kelly • Believed that women were hurt by the unfair prices of items they bought to run their home.

38. National Consumers League • Florence Kelly helped create this. • Gave special labels to goods produced under safe and healthy working conditions. Advised women not to buy products w/o this label • Still active today.

39. Temperance Movement • Led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

40. Margaret Sanger • Opened the first birth control clinic. • 1921 • Founded American Birth Control League.

41. Ida B. Wells • Helped form the National Association of Colored Women.

42. Suffrage • The right to vote. • Women wanted to vote.

43. Carrie Chapman Catt • A female activist that lobbied for women’s suffrage. • President of NAWSA and IWSA

44. National American Women Suffrage Association • Took a nonpartisan, local approach, trying to get women the right to vote. • Little success at first. • By 1901, only 4 states had given women full voting rights.

45. Alice Paul • She believed that drastic steps were needed for women to win the vote, • Organized National Women’s Party. • Focused on passing an amendment that guaranteed women the right to vote.

46. Text Notes • The NWP became the first group to march with picket signs outside the White House. Hundreds of women were arrested in these protests. Some went on hunger strikes, refusing to eat until they could vote. The NWP angered many people, including women involved in the suffrage movement. Nevertheless, the NWP did help women gain the right to vote.

47. The Nineteenth Amendment • Granted women full voting rights • 1920 (ratified) • Catt urged women that this was just a start and they still had to force their way through the “political door

48. Tennessee • The final state to ratify the 19th Amendment.

49. Harry Burn • A Tennessee State Representative that voted yes to ratifying the 19th Amendment. • He was the swing vote.

50. Chapter 8 Section 4: Roosevelt’s Square Deal