1 / 50

Chapter 13 Programming Languages and Program Development

Chapter 13 Programming Languages and Program Development. Chapter 13 Objectives. Next. Differentiate between machine and assembly languages. Describe various ways to develop Web pages including HTML, scripting languages, DHTML, XML, WML, and Web page authoring software.

chiquita-lane
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 13 Programming Languages and Program Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 13 Programming Languages and Program Development

  2. Chapter 13 Objectives Next Differentiate between machine and assembly languages Describe various ways to develop Web pages including HTML, scripting languages, DHTML, XML, WML, and Web page authoring software Identify and discuss the purpose of procedural programming languages Identify the uses of popular multimedia authoring programs Discuss the advantages and uses of visual programming languages List the six steps in the program development cycle Identify and discuss the characteristics of object-oriented programming languages Differentiate between structured design and object-oriented design Identify the uses of various nonprocedural languages and tools Explain the basic control structures used in designing solutions to programming problems

  3. Computer Programs and Programming Languages Click to view animation Click to view video Next • What is a computer program? • Set of instructions that directs computer to perform tasks • Programming language—used to write instructions p. 13.02 Fig. 13-1

  4. Computer Programs and Programming Languages Next • What are low-level languages and high-level languages? Low-levellanguage High-level language Machine-dependentruns only on one type of computer Often machine-independentcan run on many different types of computers Machine and assembly languages are low-level p. 13.02

  5. Low-Level Languages Click to view animation Next • What is machine language? • Only language computer directly recognizes p. 13.03 Fig. 13-2

  6. Low-Level Languages Next • What is assembly language? • Instructions made up of symbolic instruction codes, meaningful abbreviations and codes • Source program contains code to be converted to machine language p. 13.04 Fig. 13-3

  7. Procedural Languages Click to view animation Next • What is a procedural language? Programmer assigns name to sequence of instructions that tells computer what to accomplish and how to do it Uses series of English-like words to write instructions Often called third-generation language (3GL) Most widely used are BASIC, COBOL, and C p. 13.04

  8. Procedural Languages Next • What is a compiler? • Program that converts entire source program into machine language before executing it p. 13.05 Fig. 13-4

  9. Procedural Languages Next • What is an interpreter? • Program that translates and executes one program code statement at a time • Does not produce object program p. 13.05 Fig. 13-5

  10. Procedural Languages Next • What is BASIC? • Designed for use as simple, interactive problem-solving language • Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code p. 13.06 Fig. 13-6

  11. Procedural Languages Click to view Web Link, then click COBOL below Chapter 13 Next • What is COBOL? • Designed for business applications • English-like statements make code easy to read, write, and maintain • COmmon Business-Oriented Language p. 13.06 Fig. 13-7

  12. Procedural Languages Next • What is C? • Powerful language originally designed to write system software • Requires professional programming skills p. 13.07 Fig. 13-8

  13. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Next • What is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language? Used to implement object-oriented design Major benefit is ability to reuse existing objects Event-driven—checks for and responds to set of events C++ and Java are complete object-oriented languages Objectis item that contains data and procedures that act on data Eventis action to which program responds p. 13.07

  14. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Click to view Web Link, then click C++ below Chapter 13 Next • What is C++? • Includes all elements of C, plus additional features for working with object-oriented concepts • Used to develop database and Web applications p. 13.08 Fig. 13-9

  15. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Click to view video Click to view Web Link, then click Java below Chapter 13 Next • What is Java? • Developed by Sun Microsystems • Similar to C++ but uses just-in-time (JIT) compiler to convert source code into machine code p. 13.08 Fig. 13-10

  16. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Visual programming environment (VPE) allows developers to drag and drop objects to build programs Programmer writes and implements program in segments Click to view Web Link, then click RAD below Chapter 13 Next • What is a visual programming language? Provides visual or graphical interface for creating source code Sometimes calledfifth-generation language Often used in RAD (rapid application development) environment p. 13.09

  17. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Step 1. The programmer designs the user interface. Step 2.The programmer assigns properties to each object on the form. Step 3.The programmer writes code to define the action of each command button. Click to view Web Link, then click Visual Studio .NET below Chapter 13 Step 4.The programmer tests the application. Next • What is Visual Studio .NET? • Suite of visual programming languages and RAD tools • .NET is set of technologies that allows program to run on Internet • Visual Basic .NET is used to build complex object-based programs p. 13.10

  18. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Next • What is Delphi? • Powerful visual programming tool • Ideal for large-scale enterprise and Web applications p. 13.11 Fig. 13-12

  19. Object-Oriented Programming Languages Next • What is PowerBuilder? • Another powerful visual programming tool • Best suited for Web-based and large-scale object-oriented applications p. 13.12 Fig. 13-13

  20. Nonprocedural Languages Next • What is RPG (Report Program Generator)? • Nonprocedural language used for generating reports, performing computations, and updating files • Nonprocedural language—contains English-like instructions that retrieve data p. 13.12 Fig. 13-14

  21. Nonprocedural Languages Next • What is a fourth-generation language (4GL)? • Nonprocedural language that allows access to data in database • Popular 4GL is SQL, query language that allows users to manage data in relational DBMS p. 13.13 Fig. 13-15

  22. Program Development Tools Next • What is an application generator? • Program that creates source code or machine code from specification • Consists of report writer, form, and menu generator • Form provides areas for entering data p. 13.13 Fig. 13-16

  23. Program Development Tools Click to view Web Link, then click Macros below Chapter 13 Next • What is Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)? • Macro programming language • Macro—series of statements used to automate tasks p. 13.14 Fig. 13-17

  24. Web Page Development Click to view Web Link, then click HTML below Chapter 13 Next • What is HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)? • Used to create Web pages p. 13.16 Fig. 13-18

  25. Web Page Development ActiveX controlsmall program that runs on client Scriptinterpreted program that runs on client Appletusually runs on client, but is compiled Servletapplet that runs on server Processing formcollects data from visitors to Web site Countertracks number of visitors to Web site Image mapgraphic image that points to URL Next • How are special effects and interactive elements added to a Web page? p. 13.17

  26. Web Page Development Step 1. The programmer stores the CGI program in a special folder on the Web server such as /cgi-bin. Step 2. The Webmaster creates a link between the CGI program and Web page. When a user displays the Web page, the CGI program automatically starts. Step 4. The CGI program receives information from the database, assembles it in an HTML format, and sends it to the user’s Web browser. Database Next • What is the common gateway interface (CGI)? • Communications standard that defines how Web server communicates with outside sources • CGI script—program that manages sending and receiving across CGI Step 3. When the user submits a request, it is sent to the CGI program. The CGI program contacts the database and requests information for the user. In this case, it looks for a movie titled The Secret Garden. p. 13.18

  27. Web Page Development Click to view Web Link, then click Scripting Languagesbelow Chapter 13 Next • What is a scripting language? • Typically easy to learn and use • JavaScript—adds dynamic content and interactive elements to Web page • VBScript (Visual Basic, Scripting Edition)—adds intelligence and interactivity to Web page • Perl (Practical Extraction and Report Language)—has powerful text processing capabilities p. 13.19 Fig. 13-20

  28. Web Page Development Next • What is dynamic HTML (DHTML)? • Allows developers to include more graphical interest and interactivity in Web page p. 13.20 Fig. 13-21

  29. Web Page Development Click to view Web Link, then click XML below Chapter 13 Next • What are XHTML, XML, and WML? Includes features of HTML and XML XHTML(ExtensibleHTML)enables Web sites to be displayed more easily on microbrowsers XML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)allows developers to create customized tags Server sends entire record to client, enabling client to do much of processing without going back to server WML(WirelessMarkupLanguage)allows developers to design pages specifically for microbrowsers Useswireless application protocol (WAP), standard that specifies how wireless devices communicate with Web p. 13.20

  30. Web Page Development Adobe GoLive Adobe LiveMotion Lotus FastSite Macromedia Dreamweaver Macromedia Fireworks Macromedia Flash Microsoft FrontPage Next • What is Web page authoring software? • Creates sophisticated Web pages without using HTML • Generates HTML p. 13.21

  31. Multimedia Program Development Next • What is multimedia authoring software? • Combines text, graphics, animation, audio, and video into interactive presentation • Used for computer-based training (CBT) and Web-based training (WBT) • Software includes Toolbook, Authorware, and Director p. 13.22 Fig. 13-23

  32. Other Programming Languages Next • What are other available programming languages? ADA ALGOL APL FORTH FORTRAN HYPERTALK LISP LOGO MODULA-2 PASCAL PILOT PL/I PROLOG SMALLTALK p. 13.22

  33. The Program Development Cycle Next • What is the program development cycle? • Steps programmers use to build computer programs • Programming team—Group of programmers working on program p. 13.24 Fig. 13-25

  34. Step 1 — Analyze Requirements IPO chart Next • What is involved in analyzing the requirements? • Review requirements • Meet with systems analyst and users • Identify input, output, processing, and data components • IPO chart—Identifies program’s inputs, outputs, and processing steps p. 13.25 Fig. 13-26

  35. Step 2 — Design Solution Object-oriented design Structured design, sometimes called top-down design Programmer begins with general design and moves toward detailed design Next • What is involved in designing the solution? Devise solution algorithm, step-by-step procedure to solve problem Two approaches p. 13.26

  36. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is a hierarchy chart? • Shows program modules graphically • Also called structure chart p. 13.26 Fig. 13-27

  37. Step 2 — Design Solution Click to view Web Link, then click Object-Oriented Design below Chapter 13 Next • What is object-oriented (OO) design? • Programmer packages data and procedure into single unit, an object • Objects are grouped into classes • Class diagram represents hierarchical relationships of classes graphically p. 13.27 Fig. 13-28

  38. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is a sequence control structure? • Control structure that shows actions following each other in order • Control structure depicts logical order of program instructions p. 13.28 Fig. 13-29

  39. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is a selection control structure? • Tells program which action to take, based on a certain condition • Two types • Case control structure • If-then-else control structure—yields one of two possibilities: true or false p. 13.28 Fig. 13-30

  40. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is a case control structure? • Yields one of three or more possibilities p. 13.28 Fig. 13-31

  41. Step 2 — Design Solution Do-While Control Structure Do-Until Control Structure Next • What is a repetition control structure? • Enables program to perform one or more actions repeatedly • Do-while control structure—repeats as long as condition is true • Do-until control structure—repeats until condition is true p. 13.29 Figs. 13-32–13-33

  42. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is a program flowchart? • Graphically shows logic in solution algorithm p. 13.30 Fig. 13-34

  43. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is an example of a flowchart? p. 13.30 Fig. 13-35

  44. Step 2 — Design Solution Click to view Web Link, then click Flowcharting Softwarebelow Chapter 13 Next • What is flowcharting software? • Used by programmers to develop flowcharts p. 13.30 Fig. 13-36

  45. Step 2 — Design Solution Next • What is pseudocode? • Uses condensed form of English to convey program logic p. 13.32 Fig. 13-37

  46. Step 3 — Validate Design Next Check program design for accuracy Programmer checks logic for correctness and attempts to uncover logic errors • What is involved in validating the design? Desk checkprogrammers use test data to step through logic Logic errordesign flaw that causes inaccurate results Structured walkthroughprogrammer explains logic of algorithm while programming team steps through program logic Test datasample data that mimics real data that program will process p. 13.32

  47. Step 4 — Implement Design Click to view Web Link, then click Extreme Programmingbelow Chapter 13 Next • What is implementation? • Writing the code that translates the design into a program • Syntax—rules that specify how to write instructions • Comments—program documentation • Extreme programming (XP)—coding and testing as soon as requirements are defined p. 13.33 Fig. 13-38

  48. Step 5 — Test Solution Next • What is involved in testing the solution? Ensure program runs correctly and is error free Debugging—locating and correcting syntax and logic errors, orbugs Test copy of program, called beta, sometimes used to find bugs p. 13.34

  49. Step 6 — Document Solution Next • What is involved in documenting the solution? • Programmer performs two activities Reviews program code—removes dead code, program instructions that program never executes Reviews documentation p. 13.36

  50. Summary of Programming Languages and Program Development Various programming languages used to write and develop computer programs Web development and multimedia development tools The program development cycle and the tools used to make this process efficient Chapter 13 Complete

More Related