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Chapter 2: Rhythm and Pitch

Chapter 2: Rhythm and Pitch. Rhythm. rhythm beat accent sforzando meter measure bar barlines. simple meter duple meter triple meter compound meter quintuple meter nonmetrical syncopation. Key Terms. tempo metronome marks tempo indications adagio andante moderato. allegretto

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Chapter 2: Rhythm and Pitch

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  1. Chapter 2:Rhythm and Pitch Rhythm

  2. rhythm beat accent sforzando meter measure bar barlines simple meter duple meter triple meter compound meter quintuple meter nonmetrical syncopation Key Terms

  3. tempo metronome marks tempo indications adagio andante moderato allegretto allegro presto accelerando ritardando fermata Key Terms

  4. Rhythm • The relationship between sounds in time • The experience of time in music • We experience time in thousands of ways • Different cultures express musical time in different ways • “A rhythm” is a particular arrangement of longer and shorter notes in a musical passage

  5. Rhythm • Time concepts in Western music • Beat • Regular, recurring background pulse • Accent • Extra emphasis placed on some beats • Music can have regular, irregular, or no accents • Meter • Regular, recurring pattern of accented and unaccented (strong and weak) beats

  6. Meter • Simple meters • Duple meter • Triple meter • Compound meter • Quick triple subdivision of the beat • Irregular meters • Quintuple meter, etc.

  7. Simple Meters • Duple meter • ONE two | ONE two | ONE two | • Triple meter • ONE two three | ONE two three |

  8. Compound Meter • Can use two or more beats per measure • Quick, triple subdivision of each beat • ONE-and-a two-and-a | ONE-and-a two-and-a | • Example: Row, row, row your boat

  9. Rhythm and Meter • Meter background; rhythm foreground • Meter the yardstick; rhythm the object being measured • Rhythms can coincide with underlying meter, play with it, or even contradict it • Some rhythms are strongly metrical • Syncopated rhythms play with meter; place accents on weak beats or in between beats • Some rhythms imply the “wrong” meter; some are entirely nonmetrical

  10. Rhythm and Meter

  11. Syncopation • Syncopated rhythms displace accents away from normal metric accents • Can put accents on weak beats • one TWO | one TWO | one TWO | • Can put accents in between beats • one AND two AND | one AND two AND | • Syncopation plays with meter • Most effective when meter is clearly heard • Examples: Rudolf the red-nosed reindeer or Give my regards to Broadway

  12. Tempo • Rate of speed at which beats follow one another • Metronome marks tell us exactly how many beats per minute • 60 = one beat per second; 120 = two beats per second; and so on • Tempo indications are approximate • Often in Italian • Can also express a specific mood

  13. Adagio Andante Moderato Allegretto Allegro Presto Slow On the slow side, but not too slow Moderate tempo On the fast side, but not too fast Fast Very fast Common Tempo Indications

  14. Tempo Changes • Accelerando; Ritardando • Gradually getting faster; gradually getting slower • Più lento; più allegro • Slower; faster • Fermata • Hold a note (or rest) for an indefinite time • Temporary suspension of tempo • a tempo • Back to the main tempo

  15. Listening Exercises • Metrical or nonmetrical? • Regular, irregular, or no accents? • Duple, triple, or compound meter? • Syncopation? • Slow, moderate, or fast tempo? • Accelerando or ritardando?

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