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At the end of this unit you should: Know what it means to clone.

At the end of this unit you should: Know what it means to clone. Be able to list the benefits of cloning. Know the advantages and disadvantages of cloning. Be able to describe how new plants can be produced using cloning. Be able to discuss the ethical issues surrounding cloning.

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At the end of this unit you should: Know what it means to clone.

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  1. At the end of this unit you should: • Know what it means to clone. • Be able to list the benefits of cloning. • Know the advantages and disadvantages of cloning. • Be able to describe how new plants can be produced using cloning. • Be able to discuss the ethical issues surrounding cloning.

  2. artificial clone cloning donor ethical harvesting implanted surrogate uterus

  3. Cloning: A process that makes an individual that is a genetic copy of another. Clone: An organism that is an exact genetic copy of another

  4. (a) In your own words, describe what cloning is. Cloning is a process whereby a new individual is made that is a genetic or exact copy of another.

  5. (b) What type of reproduction occurs during cloning? Asexual reproduction.

  6. (c) List the benefits of cloning: to nature; to an individual person; to society in general. • Benefits: • Can produce exact copies of animals and plants • Can help save plants and animals from extinction • Can produce copies of tissues or organs for organ transplant • Can bring back animals or plants from extinction; medical research • If an animal is infertile, cloning would solve the problem • Food sources can be replenished; Helps us understand more about genetics.

  7. (d) Are there any other advantages or disadvantages you would add to Table 04.02.01?

  8. Copy and Complete In this unit I learned that cloning is a process that makes an individual that is a genetic copy of another. A clone is an exactgenetic copy. In the process of cloning the type of reproduction that occurs is asexual. Cloning can happen naturally or artificially. Advantages of cloning include: medical research; to help save plants and animals from extinction; and to bring back animals from extinction. Disadvantages of cloning include: it is expensiveto do; cloned animals have a shorter lifespan; and variation within organisms is reduced. The most famous cloned animal is Dolly the sheep, who was cloned in 1996. Plants can be cloned by taking cuttingsor by tissue culture. Both techniques will give fast results and the plants will be genetically identicalto the parent.

  9. 1. What is a clone? A cell that is genetically identical to another cell.

  10. 2. List five disadvantages of cloning. (i) Variation of organisms is reduced (ii) Cloned animals have a short life span (iii) Expensive to carry out (iv) Attempts at carrying it out can fail (v) Could cause defects among animals

  11. 3. Why might people who breed animals want to clone them? Money could be a reason for cloning. If the animal was a pure breed, then the cloned animal would also be a pure breed. These animals could then be sold. For famers: If the animal produces strong young or a good yield of milk, then the farmer would want a clone of that animal as they are more profitable.

  12. 4. Are cloned animals safe to eat? Yes, they are, as they are no different to other animals.

  13. 5. Would it be cheaper to clone plants than to grow them from seed? Yes, it would be cheaper to clone as you are in control of the conditions needed for successful growth. If growing from a seed, the seed may not have germinated properly or may not grow successfully, leading to a loss of time and money.

  14. 6. Do you think cloning Dolly the sheep was a good idea? Explain your answer in detail. Possible valid answers include: Yes, because it showed us that cloning is a possibility and how technology in science has progressed. No, because I don’t think it is right to interfere with nature.

  15. 7. Do you think you should be told whether meat is cloned before you purchase it? Explain your views. Possible valid answers include: Yes, because there is still debate over whether cloning animals is ethical. No, because the value and quality of the meat should be the same.

  16. 8. Choose an animal that you want to clone. • (i) Sketch or find a picture of the animal you want to clone. • (ii) Use the following keywords to complete a flow chart • (arrows) on cloning your animal. • Nucleus • Cell • Embryo • Empty egg cell • Implanted • Surrogate mother

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