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TERATOGEN

TERATOGEN. Objectives You will be able to… Analyze environmental factors that affect fetal development Determine ways to prevent some birth defects Create an informational advertisement to new parents about common teratogens . . Teratogen:.

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TERATOGEN

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  1. TERATOGEN Objectives You will be able to… • Analyze environmental factors that affect fetal development • Determine ways to prevent some birth defects • Create an informational advertisement to new parents about common teratogens.

  2. Teratogen: • Anything that increases the risk of prenatal abnormalities • Behavioral Teratogen: causes no physical defect, but affects the brain, making the child hyperactive, antisocial, or learning-disabled.

  3. Types of Teratogens • Prescription Drugs • Pollutants • Social/Illegal Drugs • Disease/Viruses • Radiation/Chemical Warfare • Malnutrition • Stress

  4. Determining the extent of damage to the fetus depends on……. 1. Critical Time of Exposure • If exposure occurs during the embryonic period: • will result in major impairments and malformations • Exposure during the fetal period: • results in growth impairments of the brain, eyes and genitals

  5. 2. Duration of Exposure The length of time the mother is exposed to the teratogen greatly influences the effects on the fetus. Example: The mother visits a friend’s house where people smoke inside. She only stays over for a few hours. The mother lives in a house where people smoke inside. She is exposed everyday.

  6. 3. Genetic Susceptibility- • Genes influence the effects of a teratogen: Example: The way the mother metabolizes a certain drug will determine how much the fetus will be exposed to it.

  7. THINK, WRITE, PAIR, SHARE 1. Think of some examples of TIME (how many weeks gestation) and DURATION (how long was the mother exposed to the toxins) • What kinds of toxins could someone be exposed to over a long period of time? • What kinds of toxins might need only a little bit of time to cause damage?

  8. Teratogen Chart

  9. Thalidomide(prescription drug) Was a prescription drug sold mainly during the late 1950’s early 1960’s, used to alleviate morning sickness. Critical period for exposure is during organogenesis Specificity of malformations is linked to time of exposure: 35-37 days- no ears 39-41 days- no arms 41-43 days- no uterus 45-47 days- no tibia 47-49 days triphalangeal thumbs

  10. Industrial Chemicals Cleansers, varnishes, lacquers, resins, leads, pesticides, herbicides (agent orange) and mercury (Minimata Disease)

  11. Illegal Drugs, Alcohol and Tobacco • Low birth weight • Born addicted to drugs • Withdrawal symptoms • Fetal Alcohol syndrome • Behavioral problems/impulse control

  12. Radiation/Chemical Warfare

  13. Maternal Disease • Rubella • Herpes simplex, • AIDS • Chickenpox If the mother has these diseases- can cause serious malformations, mental retardation and miscarriage or Infant mortality.

  14. Other Maternal Influences • Malnutrition (lack of necessary vitamins, minerals and proteins) FOLIC ACID- Is a B-vitamin that helps create new cells. Spina Bifida • Stress/Anxiety • Altered Metabolism (Diabetes mellitus)

  15. ACTIVITY • Go to www.otispregnancy.org • Click on “FACTSHEETS” in the right toolbar • Choose 1 factsheet to research • Make an informative flyer including: • Definition • Common reason a woman would be exposed to this substance • In your own words: Can this substance cause birth defects? • Conclusion: What would you suggest if someone asked you if exposure to this substance was ok?

  16. References • http://a.abcnews.com/Health/popup?id=4610286&contentIndex=1&page=2&start=false • http://www.kianh.org.uk/agentorange.htm • http://hidhist.wordpress.com/category/gulf-war-syndrome/ • http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/factsheets/ft_child.pdf • http://www.who.int/ceh/risks/en/ • http://carolguze.com/text/442-13-teratogens.shtml • http://www.pixelpress.org/chernobyl/index.html • http://books.elsevier.com/companions/0240804155/crack/crack1.htm • http://www.whale.to/a/gulf32.html • http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Defect/rubella.htm (awesome website!!) • Slater, A. & Lewis, M. (2007). Introduction to infant development. New York: Oxford University Press.

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