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Chapter 4 Notes

Chapter 4 Notes. Cellular Respiration. 4.4 and 4.5. III. Cellular Respiration- process by which food molecules are broken down to produce ATP. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O. This may be aerobic (requiring oxygen),

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Chapter 4 Notes

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  1. Chapter 4 Notes Cellular Respiration 4.4 and 4.5

  2. III. Cellular Respiration- process by which food molecules are broken down to produce ATP. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O This may be aerobic (requiring oxygen), or anaerobic ( in the absence of oxygen). A. aerobic cellular respiration; There are 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration. 1. Glycolysis- Glyco ( glucose) Lysis (to break) a. anaerobic- no oxygen required b. takes place in the cytoplasm c. Glucose (6 C’s) is broken down into two pyruvic acids ( 3 C’s each).

  3. d. Requires 2 ATP to begin, but yields 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP). 2. The Citric Acid Cycle; the second step of aerobic (Krebs Cycle) respiration. a. takes place in the mitochondria b. each pyruvic acid is metabolized to get 1 ATP and other molecules that are then sent to the electron transport chain. c. 1 glucose = 2 ATP from the Citric Acid Cycle

  4. 3.Electron Transport Chain a. Overall, the electron transport chain adds 32 ATP molecules to the four already produced. 4. Cellular Respiration: ATP yield a. Glycolysis- +2 ATP b. Citric Acid Cycle- +2 ATP c. Elect. Trans. Chain +32 ATP Total; 36 ATP / glucose molecule

  5. IV. Fermentation A. Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. process that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce (anaerobic) 2. reaction that produced pyruvic acid in aerobic respiration is reversed. 3. Two molecules of pyruvic acid use NADH to form two molecules of lactic acid.

  6. 4. 2 ATP molecules are formed for each glucose molecule. 5. Lactic acid is transferred from muscle cells to the liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid. B. Alcoholic Fermentation- C6H12O6 → 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH + Energy (ATP) 1. is used by yeast cells and some bacteria when oxygen is scarce (anaerobic) 2. 2 ATP molecules produced.

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