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Towards an Integrated Global Observation System

Towards an Integrated Global Observation System. “Land, Sea, Air & Space… Together”. NASA/NOAA/DOE Collaboration for Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Climate Change and Global Weather Research August 3 rd , 2004. John P. Sharkey@nasa.gov NASA Dryden Flight Research Center

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Towards an Integrated Global Observation System

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  1. Towards an Integrated Global Observation System “Land, Sea, Air & Space… Together” NASA/NOAA/DOE Collaboration for Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Climate Change and Global Weather Research August 3rd, 2004 John P. Sharkey@nasa.gov NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (661) 276-3965

  2. Presentation Objectives • Provide a framework for reference on the current state of UAV capabilities and technology investment strategies • Suggest grounds rules and assumptions relevant to the scope and desired outcome of this workshop

  3. Aeronautics Research Mission To pioneer and validate high-payoff aeronautical technologies To improve the quality of life To enable exploration and discovery To extend the benefits of our innovation throughout society. Our success is measured by the extent to which our results are used by others to improve the quality of life and enable exploration and scientific knowledge

  4. UAV Technology Investments: Relevance to NASA Mission Supports four Agency Strategic Objectives: Objective 1.1: Understand how Earth is changing, better predict change, and understand the consequences for life on Earth Objective 1.2: Expand and accelerate the realization of economic and societal benefits from Earth science, information, and technology. Objective 3.2: Enhance the Nation’s security through aeronautical partnerships with DOD and other Government agencies Objective 10.5: Create novel aerospace concepts to support Earth and space science mission

  5. Aeronautics Research Comprises Three Integrated Programs

  6. Current State of Science UAV Development Helios (RFC/LH2) 50,000 – 100,000 feet 30 KIAS RPV 14 days to 6 months 5 crew $10M per vehicle 100 kg HALE Global Hawk 40,000-60,000 feet 250 KIAS Autonomous 36 hours (large crew) $30M per vehicle 1000 kg Proteus 40,000-60,000 feet 200 KIAS OPV 24 hours 2+ crew $10M per vehicle 1000 kg HALE Predator B/Altair 40,000-52,000 feet 170 KIAS RPV 32 hours 2+ crew $4M per vehicle 400 kg MALE Aerosonde-Class 200 – 20,000 feet 35 KIAS RPV - Autonomous 20-30 hours 2-3 crew $75K per vehicle 2-5 kg (LALE)

  7. Examples of Other Mission-Unique UAV Developments High Altitude Airship 50,000 – 70,000 feet 30-50 KIAS RPV 30 days to 6 months 5 crew $40M per vehicle 10,000 kg HALE Golden-eye UAR 100-3,000 feet 140 KIAS Autonomous 1-4 hours 2+ crew $TBD per vehicle 20 kg LASE Power Beaming 10-1000 feet 15 KIAS RPV 24 hours 1 crew $5 K per vehicle 0.1 kg LALE Micro-UAV 200 - 2500 feet 35 KIAS RPV 1-2 hours 1 crew $10 K per vehicle 0.1 kg LASE

  8. 6 2 4 1 13 200kg 10,000kg 30kg 1000kg 150kg 150 125 150kg 2000kg 200kg 150kg 150kg 18 5 16 21 20 50 kg 100 10,000kg 15 3000kg 19 75 Altitude (kft) 200kg 17 11 10 7 9 8 14 12 300 kg 50 200kg 25 3 1 kg 0 HALE UAV Science Platform Capabilities Performance Objective #3: Global Ranger FY14 Performance Objective #1: SOLEO FY09 Performance Objective #2: Global Observer FY12 Performance Objective #4: Heavy-Lifter FY20 Current HALE UAV Platforms 1000 kg 200 kg Piloted Aircraft Capability 200kg 1000 kg Current ROA Capability SSMF “Low & Slow” 4 kg 0.1 day 1.0 day 10 day 100 day 0.2 day 0.5 day 5.0 day 2.0 day 50 day 20 day Endurance

  9. Earth Science Mission Capabilities HALE ROA Platform Development Optionally Piloted Vehicles National Security Partnerships HALE ROA Access to the NAS Mission Capabilities Platform Capabilities Airspace Capabilities Spiral Development New Platform Operations • Routine access to the NAS • Detect, See & Avoid sensors • Contingency management • HALE ROA Certification Standards • Design tools • Storm Tracker • Global Observer • Global Ranger • Heavy Lifter • Precision Trajectory • Precision Formations • Global OTH & iNET • Mission Demos • - Altair • - Global Hawk • - Proteus • - Others • UAV transitional capabilities • Integrated science campaign elements • Multi-agency business models • DHS/Coast Guard • OSD/Sensor Demo • DARPA/J-UCAS • - X-45A/Spiral 0 • - X-45C/Spiral 1 • - Common Operating System • - Autonomous Refueling Current NASA UAV Program Elements Aeronautics Research Earth Science DoD/DHS

  10. Key Enabling Technologies: HALE UAV’s • Intelligent Mission Management • SOA: Remotely piloted contingency management with lost-link waypoint navigation • Goal: Intelligent Decision Executive Architecture for autonomous, multi-ship, tactical group plan, resource allocation and contingency management for flight safety and mission assurance • Routine Access to the International Airspace • SOA: Ad hoc Certificates of Authorization with 30-60 day lead-time • Goal: Same day “file & fly”, initially for HALE UAV’s, by establishing equivalent levels of safety for manned flight; includes Detect, See & Avoid, Over-The-Horizon, and System Reliability technologies • Endurance: Electric Propulsion • SOA: 10 kw solar array panels (h = 18%); Regenerative Fuel Cells = 250 w*hr/kg @ 10 kw output • Goal: 20 kw thin film solar cells (h > 15%);Solid Oxide Fuel Cells = 1200 w*hr/kg @ 1,000 kw; • Ruggedized: All Weather Flight Operations • SOA: High altitude operations and clear weather launch & recovery • Goal: All weather launch, recovery and mission operation capabilities using intelligent anti-icing with electrically hardened, hail tolerant composite airframes

  11. Key Enabling Technologies (con’t): • Daughtership Launch, Deploy and Recovery Ops • SOA: Expendable dropsonde sensors @ 0.5 kg per dropsonde • Goal: HALE UAV mothership launch and recovery of smart daughtership dropsondes • Miniaturized UAV Flight Systems and Science Sensors • SOA: Discrete PC-104 class boards: FCC, INS, GPS, and Comm • Goal: Integrated single-board MEMS-class flight systems; embedded MEMS atmospheric chemistry sensors • Aerodynamics:Efficient low Reynolds number airframes • SOA: Re > 1e6 with fixed-geometry wing loading > 1.0 • Goal: Re <<0.5e6 with deployable wing and airframe components • Precision Trajectories and Formations • - SOA: Integrated Differential GPS/INS for waypoint navigation and landing systems for two aircraft formations • Goal: Precision trajectories and formations for multi-ship formations and swarms

  12. Future Collaboration Opportunity • Consider unconstrained science observation requirements • Mission-unique platform capabilities • Assume airspace issues will be resolved • Assume reliability and affordability issues will be resolved • Think in terms of complete observation systems: • UAV-enabled and/or tailored science instruments • Integrated global networks of observation platforms • Land, sea, air, and space • Integrated Information Systems for research and operations • Provide ammunition on why NASA should invest in “climate and weather” UAV’s instead of other competing priorities: • Homeland Security • Planetary flight vehicles • UAV forest fire prevention, detection, and suppression • Precision agriculture • Identify why DOE/NOAA/NASA collaboration is essential

  13. Back-ups

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