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Anatomy

Anatomy. Integumentary System Lesson 1. Section Objectives:. Compare the structures and functions of the epidermis and dermis. Identify the role of the skin in responding to external stimuli. Outline the healing process that takes place when the skin is injured. What is skin.

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Anatomy

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  1. Anatomy Integumentary System Lesson 1

  2. Section Objectives: • Compare the structures and functions of the epidermis and dermis. • Identify the role of the skin in responding to external stimuli. • Outline the healing process that takes place when the skin is injured.

  3. What is skin

  4. Integumentary System • Skin, the main organ of the integumentary (inh TE gyuh MEN tuh ree) system, is composed of layers of the four types of body tissues:

  5. 4 Types of Body Tissue • 1. Connective tissue. • (Types are bone, tendon, cartilage, fat and blood.) • 2. Muscle tissue • 3. Epithelial tissue • 4. Nervous tissue

  6. Skin Composition - • Layers made of 4 types of body tissues.

  7. Connective tissue - • binds together, supports and protects body structures. • (Types are bone, tendon, cartilage, fat and blood.) • Matrix - non living substance that separates the cells.

  8. Muscle tissue - • group of cells that are specialized for contractions. Cardiac Muscle

  9. Epithelial tissue - • covers the body and the organs.

  10. Nervous tissue - • carries information throughout the body. • Neuron - nerve cell, conducts signals in the form of electrical impulses.

  11. Did You know • If the skin of a 150 lb person were spread out flat, it would cover approximately 20 square feet and weighs about 6 pounds.

  12. Structure and Functions of the Integumentary System • Nervous tissue helps us detect external stimuli, such as pain or pressure. Epidermis Dermis

  13. Skin Functions - • 1. Sensations • 2. Protection • 3. Regulates internal temperature. (has tiny blood vessels help regulate various areas.) Normal body temperature is 98.6oF or 37 oC • 4. Vitamin D Synthesis (Lipid cholesterol can be converted by sunlight to Vit. D. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium into the blood stream.

  14. 2 Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis

  15. The Skin Hair Oil glands Melanin Elasticity Sweat glands

  16. 1. Epidermis • Outer layer , thin almost transparent. • Protects the skin from UV. Consists of 25 - 30 layers of dead, flattened cells . • These cells are constantly being shed. • Top layer is made of a waterproof protein called Keratin. This layer helps protect living cell layers and contributes to the skin’s elasticity.

  17. Epidermis • Melanin - produced deeper in epidermis, helps give the skin its color. Melanin absorbs UV radiation in sunlight, preventing mutations in the DNA of the skin cells and other damaging effects.

  18. Skin color - • due to circulatory supply and pigment composition and concentration. • Melanin • genetically determined • Sunlight, UV • reduction in the blood flow may change skin color

  19. Epidermis • Melanocytes produce melanin.

  20. Skin, Hair and Nails

  21. Dermis: The inner layer of skin

  22. 2. Dermis • Thick inner layer - produces collagen (a protein that makes your skin supple and strong.)

  23. 4 Other Structures of the Dermis

  24. 1. Sebaceous Gland (Oil) • pores located at the surface of the skin, produces sebum (oil) to keep skin soft. Helps inhibit the growth of bacteria. • Acne - bacterial infection of sebaceous glands.

  25. 2. Sweat Glands • pores located at the surface of the skin. Help in temperature regulation and helps rid the body of wastes.

  26. Sweat Gland • About 900 ml of sweat is produced daily. • You have about 2 million sweat glands.

  27. 3. Hair Follicles • narrow cavities where hair grows from.

  28. Hair Follicles • Arrector Pili - Muscles that pull hair follicles so hair will lay at an angle; contraction of this muscle produces goose bumps, raises hair on head due to emotional crisis.

  29. Hair Follicles • Shaft- extends away from the skin surface. Composed of dead epidermal cells.

  30. Hair Color • is determined by genes that direct the type and amount of pigment that epidermal melanocytes produce.

  31. Hair Color • If these cells produce a lot of melanin – dark hair.

  32. Hair Color • Intermediate amounts of melanin – blond hair.

  33. Hair Color • If no melanin – hair is white.

  34. Hair Color • The pigment trichosiderin produces – red hair.

  35. Hair Color • A mixture of pigmented and unpigmented – gray hair.

  36. 4. Hair/ Nails • made of dead epidermal cells made of keratin.

  37. Hair/Nails • Cuticle - fold of skin which covers the root of nail

  38. Skin

  39. Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)- • beneath the dermis, consists of lose connective and adipose tissue. The adipose tissue helps to insulates the body.

  40. Inflammation • is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. • Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue.

  41. Inflammation

  42. Additional Integumentary Information

  43. Did You Know? – • The thumbnail goes the slowest; the middle nail grows the fastest. Not sure I can tell from this picture

  44. Lee Redmond And can you imagine making a nail appointment for a manicure? “Hello, Bambi?  This is Lee, I need to make an appointment to get my nails painted.  Can you find a free couple of days to give me a manicure and order the 302 bottles of polish you’ll need to paint my nails?” Not to mention trying to figure out how she washes her hair, puts on makeup, and a whole bunch of other awkward thoughts. I wonder what happens when she walks in a windstorm and her fingernails rattle?  Gloves aren’t an option unless she maybe gets the finger cut out gloves and spends a couple of hours threading her nails through them.  It’s just too weird! By the way she is a grandmother.

  45. Lee Redmond

  46. It came to an end • Lee Redmond, a 68-year-old woman's record-breaking 28-foot long fingernails were cut short - tragically in a car crash! • The Salt Lake City, Utah native said it was the most dramatic event of her life when the car accident robbed her of her 28-foot-4-inch fingernails. • Redmond, who parted ways with her claws in February 2009, says life is much easier without them and her hands seem to fly with the weight of the nails gone. • Despite pleas from her great-grandchildren to 'glue them back on', she won't grow her nails again, saying it took 30 years to get them to that length and she probably won't live for another 30. • Redmond hadn't cut her nails since 1979 and entered the Guinness World Records book in 2002 for longest fingernails on a woman. Click Here for Movie

  47. Trivia: • It takes about 28 days for you to shed your skin (so to speak). From the time the new cells form until the time when they are shed.

  48. Skin Diseases and Conditions Leprosy Staph

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