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Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera. no symmetry, tissues or organs sessile (=attached) filter feeders – have incurrent pores to allow food to enter reproduce by budding hermaphroditic. Phylum Cnidaria. jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones tissues 2 layers – ectoderm and endoderm

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera • no symmetry, tissues or organs • sessile (=attached) • filter feeders – have incurrent pores to allow food to enter • reproduce by budding • hermaphroditic

  2. Phylum Cnidaria • jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones • tissues • 2 layers – ectoderm and endoderm • specialized stinging cells = nematocysts –barbs tipped w/ toxin • digestive sac with mouth (only one opening) • radial symmetry

  3. Radial Symmetry in Cnidarians

  4. Coral spawning

  5. Stay Far Away!!!

  6. Who has the Worst Sting? • Box Jelly or Sea Wasp: Causes respiratory failure. There are many (about 70) reported deaths in Australia per year. Wearing pantyhose has been shown to prevent the jelly from stinging

  7. Moon Jelly Life Cycle Life cycle video

  8. TERMS used to describe cephalized (with a head end) organisms: • Anterior • Posterior • Dorsal • Ventral

  9. Phylum Platyhelminthes • primitive organs • acoelomates – tissue fills region between gut and body wall • bilateral symmetry • cephalized • 3 layers – endo- , ecto, and meso – derm • No circulatory system- • digestive cavity has one opening

  10. Candy Striped flatworm

  11. Phylum Nematoda • pseudocoelomates – false coelum • bilateral symmetry • separate sexes • mouth and anus =simplest animal with complete digestive system • nerve cord and nerve rings

  12. Phylum Annelida • Name means ‘little rings’ • =Segmented worms • true coelum – mesoderm + body cavity lined w/ peritoneum and housing organs • 3 tissue layers – well defined systems • Cephalization – having forward end that encounters food/stimuli first

  13. Segmented worms, earthworms, leaches

  14. Phylum Mollusca • 2nd largest –60,000 species • Most abundant marine species • Classes include chitons, gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods • soft body

  15. Mollusc Body Plan • 3 parts: • Head/foot – with sensory and motor organs • Visceral Mass – organs for digestion, excretion, reproduction • Mantle – hangs over visceral mass and secretes shell • bilateral symmetry • Coelomate • Large group during Cambrian explosion

  16. Clam Spawning

  17. Nudibranchs • Nudibranch feeding off of a Man-o-War and using the nemotocysts

  18. Chitons

  19. Octopus, Squid and Cuttlefish

  20. Phylum Arthropoda • largest phylum ~ 1,000,000 species • hardened jointed exoskeletons of chitin • specialized appendages • segmented – head, thorax and abdomen • organ systems

  21. 3 Classes/Subphyla of ArthropodsOver 90% of all Animals 3 classes: • Insects: - 3 prs of legs tracheal breathing tubes • Arachnids: - 4 prs of legs • Crustaceans – segmented bodies, gills, molting replaces exoskeleton: Includes lobsters, crayfish and shrimp

  22. Asian seafood market =

  23. Horseshoe Crab is not a true crab. Its not a horsehoe either Horseshoe babies

  24. Phylum Echinodermata • marine coelomates • radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry mixed • water vascular system = network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet. • Tube feet for locomotion, feeding and gas exchange • regeneration tubefeet

  25. I thought evolved organisms were bilaterally symmetrical?? • Larval forms of echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical • Bipinnaria are planktonic

  26. What’s a water vascular system?

  27. Water Vascular System • Hydraulic system that functions in locomotion, feeding, and respiration • Water enters madreporite into ring canal • Each ring canal leads into each ray • Tube feet (thousands) have a sac like structure (ampullae) that are squeezed and create a suction

  28. sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars

  29. Phylum Chordata * Bilateral Symmetry * Most are vertebrates ( 47,000 species) Compared to 2,100 invertebrate chordates * Share embryonic similarities: *Notochord – dorsal rod supports body becomes backbone in most. *Nerve cord – runs parallel to notochord – becomes spinal cord and brain *Slits in pharynx ( Pharyngeal slits) *Embryos have tails that extends past anus

  30. Chordates but not Vertebrates

  31. Phylum ChordataClass Agnatha • Agnatha – jawless fishes (Hagfish, lamprey) Video clip

  32. Phylum ChordataClass Chondrichthyes • Cartilaginous fish • Includes sharks and skates • No Bone – have cartilage for skeleton • Chondro = cartilage • Ichthyes = fish Octopus vs Shark

  33. Phylum ChordataClass Osteichthyes • bony fish -Osteo = bone -ichthyes = fish

  34. Phylum ChordataClass Amphibia • Made transition from water to land • Require water to lay eggs, and to keep skin moist for gas exchange • Frogs, toads, salamanders

  35. Phylum ChordataClass Reptilia • Includes turtles, snakes, lizards, crocs, alligators • Have fully developed lungss and systems • Have AMNIOTE EGG – shelled so it can be laid on land!

  36. Fringed Lizard, Alligator

  37. Phylum ChordataClass Aves • Birds • hollow bones • Feathers for flight, insulation or both • Resemble reptiles in many ways

  38. Phylum ChordataClass Mammalia • Hair • Mammary glands (milk-producing) feed young • divided into 3 groups Monotremes Marsupials Placentals

  39. MonotremesDuck Billed Platypus and EchidnaEgg laying mammals

  40. Marsupials • Live birth – worm-like • Develops in mother’s pouch

  41. Placental Mammals • Placenta = spongy, blood-filled tissue of fetal and maternal tissues which delivers nutrients and oxygen to embryo and removes wastes

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