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Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding. Naming of covalent compounds Non-metals. P 104 in text book Use full name for first element and add “ ide ” to second (just like you do for ionic formulas) BUT…unlike for ionic formulas… Prefixes are used to denote how many of each atom the prefix is in front of.

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Covalent Bonding

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  1. Covalent Bonding

  2. Naming of covalent compoundsNon-metals P 104 in text book Use full name for first element and add “ide” to second (just like you do for ionic formulas) BUT…unlike for ionic formulas… Prefixes are used to denote how many of each atom the prefix is in front of

  3. Naming Covalent Compounds mono = 1 di = 2, ex: CO2 = carbon dioxide Notice in above example that “mono” is not used in front of the carbon. “Mono” is implied in front of the first element. Tri = 3, ex: BF3 = boron trifluoride

  4. Naming Covalent Compounds tetra = 4 penta = 5 hexa = 6 hepta = 7 octa = 8 try naming: N2O5 dinitrogenpentoxide notice that we drop the “a” ending of penta when the next word starts with a vowel. This is the case for all endings with vowels, except di, as in dioxide, and tri, as in trioxide.

  5. VSEPR Theory Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shape of molecules formed from nonmetals. Electrons need to be as far apart as possible, which results in different shapes The different shapes are determined by the number of electron pairs in the molecule

  6. VSEPR Steps Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule Count the number of electron pairs Draw electrons pairs as far apart as possible Use number of electron pairs to determine the shape name of the molecule

  7. Let’s Practice! Draw the molecule and name the shape SO32- HCN Cl2O PCl3 Trigonal pyramid Linear Bent (V-shaped) Trigonal pyramid

  8. Naming Acids • Text reference: p 113 – 114 • Acids – substances that release H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water. • First element is always hydrogen • 2 types: • contain oxygen or • don’t contain oxygen

  9. Naming Acids not Containing Oxygen Prefix “hydro” Suffix “ic” “Acid” at end Ex: HCl = hydrochloric acid You try: HCN hydrocyanic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid

  10. Naming Acids whose anions contain oxygen (oxyanions) 2 types of oxyanions: oxyanion ends in “ate” ex: sulfate, fluorate oxyanion ends in “ite” ex: sulfite, fluorite

  11. Naming Acids With “ate” Oxyanions Acids whose oxyanions end with “ate”: use root name of oxyanion + “ic” then add “acid” think – “I ate that acid … ic!” H2SO4 SO42- = sulfate sulfuric acid you try: H3PO4 phosphoric acid HC2H3O2 acetic acid

  12. Naming Acids With “ite” Oxyanions Acids whose oxyanions end with “ite”: use root name of oxyanion + “ous” then add “acid” ex: H2SO3 SO32- = sulfite sulfurous acid You try: HNO2 nitrous acid HClO hypochlorous acid

  13. The BrINClHOF family Some elements are never found alone. They hang out in pairs if they’re not bonded to something else. Oxygen is an example. When we refer to oxygen, unless we’re being more specific, we mean O2. The others are the elements contained in the BrINClHOF family name. Can you guess them?

  14. The BrINClHOF family Bromine Iodine Nitrogen Chlorine Hydrogen Oxygen Fluorine Basically group 17 + hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

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