1 / 14

The Biosphere - Matter and Energy, Interdependence in Nature

The Biosphere - Matter and Energy, Interdependence in Nature. Chapter 3. Studying our Living Planet. Life on a global scale – biosphere Includes land, water, atmosphere and LIVING THINGS Extends 8 km above the land surface and 11 km below the ocean surface

cicada
Télécharger la présentation

The Biosphere - Matter and Energy, Interdependence in Nature

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Biosphere - Matter and Energy, Interdependence in Nature Chapter 3

  2. Studying our Living Planet • Life on a global scale – biosphere • Includes land, water, atmosphere and LIVING THINGS • Extends 8 km above the land surface and 11 km below the ocean surface • Ecology – study of the interactions between organisms and their surroundings

  3. Studying Our Living Planet • Levels of organization • Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biome • biosphere

  4. Biotic – any part of the living environment Animals Plants Mushrooms bacteria Abiotic – any nonliving part of the environment Sunlight Heat Precipitation Humidity Wind Water currents Soil types Biotic and Abiotic Factors

  5. Ecological Methods • Three methods • Observation • Use of senses • Can be simple or complex • Experimentation • Can be set-up in a lab or out in a select-part of natural environment • Modeling

  6. Energy, Producers & Consumers • Energy = life function • Ultimate energy source = the sun • Some organisms use chemical energy from inorganic sources • Autotrophs – organisms that use solar or chemical energy to produce “food” • AKA – primary producers

  7. Primary Producers • Solar energy converted through photosynthesis • Converts CO2 &H2O into O2 and carbohydrates • Plants (on land) and algae (in the water) • Chemical energy converted where light is not available or conditions are harsh - chemosynthesis

  8. Consumers • Heterotrophs – get their energy from consumption • AKA – consumers • Types of consumer – based on what they eat

  9. Energy Flow in Ecosystems • Food Chains and Food Webs • Everyone is linked through feeding relationships • Energy flow  one way stream from producers to consumers • Food Chain – series of steps that move energy from eating to eaten • All food chains start with a producer • Terrestrial – plants • Aquatic – either plants OR phytoplankton

  10. Examples of Food Chains

  11. Energy Flow in Ecosystems • Most feeding relationships are more complicated than a simple series • Most organisms have a multi-food diet • Food Web • Network of feeding interactions • Also starts with a producer (SAME AS FOOD CHAINS) • Links multiple food chains • Effects of disturbances?

  12. Example of Food Web

  13. Trophic Levels and Ecological Pyramids • Trophic level – each step in a food chain or food web • Biomass – total amount of living tissue in a given trophic level

  14. Trophic Levels and Ecological Pyramids • Ecological pyramid – show relative amount of matter or energy within a given food chain or web • The rule of 10 – in general, only 10 percent of the energy available in one level is stored in the level above • Organisms use most of the energy they get on life processes … the rest is release as heat • Higher up the pyramid – organisms require more food to get the energy they need … so there are less of them!

More Related