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Major Battles / Campaigns of the European Theatre

Major Battles / Campaigns of the European Theatre. J.D. Baldwin Meghan Morris Ashley King. Battle of Stalingrad. Who/When. Non aggression pact signed 1939 Hitler and Russia Winter of 1942-1943 Germany led by Field Marshall Fedor von Bock German 6 th Army

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Major Battles / Campaigns of the European Theatre

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  1. Major Battles / Campaigns of the European Theatre J.D. Baldwin Meghan Morris Ashley King

  2. Battle of Stalingrad

  3. Who/When Non aggression pact signed 1939 Hitler and Russia Winter of 1942-1943 Germany led by Field Marshall Fedor von Bock German 6th Army Soviets led by General Nikolai Vatutin

  4. Objectives Germany wanted to capture Stalingrad for two reasons Tank Factory Psychological reasons Soviets protect the city at all costs

  5. Battle Germans surrounded city and bombed City was ruined by artillery fire Germans were given order to not retreat Starved and froze due to lack of supplies German air force could not drop supplies Allowed Soviets to get upper hand

  6. Battle Continued Largest battle on the Eastern front German sent relief force Led by General Hoth but turned back

  7. Results Germans lost 200,000-300,000 men 90,000 captured, 2,000 tanks 4,000 guns January 31 Germans surrendered Key turning point in war for soviets

  8. Campaign in North Africa

  9. Who/When USA, Britain, France vs. Germany and Italy Axis led by General Rommel “Desert Fox” Allies led by Dwight D Eisenhower 1942-1945

  10. Objectives Protect the Suez Canal and the Oil Rich Middle East To gain territory as a staging area for the European Front

  11. Battle Americans ill prepared for desert combat Winners of battles went back and fourth Until El Alamein when British defeated the Axis powers pushing them into Tunisia Other Operations were Torch, Compass, and Sunnenblume

  12. Results • Allied Victory • Killed, wounded, captured • Germany 66,000 • Italy 23,000 • Britain 219,000 • US 16,500

  13. Invasion of Italy

  14. Who/When • Allies Landed September 1943 - 1944 • Allied Powers: U.S. and Britain • Axis Powers: Germany and Italy • Allies led by General Harold Alexander and Winston Churchill • Axis led by Adolf Hitler and Mussolini

  15. Objectives • Invade the majority of Italy by pushing from the south coming from Northern Africa and Sicily. • Gaining control of Italy to eventually invade Germany.

  16. Battle • Allies use many operations and tactics to invade Italy. • Operation Husky: The invasion of Sicily. Preparation to invade the southern tip of Italy. • Operation Avalanche: Attacks to the west coast of Italy from Northern Africa. • Operation Baytown: Allies come off of Sicily and cross the Strait of Messina into the toe of Italy.

  17. Battle • Operation Slapstick: Allies attack the east coast of Italy, attacking a main naval base of Italy forces. • Allies push Italian and German forces as they try to counter attack.

  18. Operation Slapstick Operation Avalanche Operation Baytown Operation Husky

  19. Results • Italy tries to reinforce against invasions • Allies pushed all the way north of Italy • Italians surrender and eventually became Allied. • Mussolini is rescued by Hitler • 2,009 Killed • 7,050 Wounded • 3,501 Missing

  20. Battle of the Atlantic

  21. Who/When • 1939-1945 • Allies: Britain, France, Russia • Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan • Allies led by Winston Churchill • Axis led by Adolf Hitler

  22. Objectives • Allies wanted to blockade Axis powers, secure sea movements, and free military powers across the seas. • Axis wanted to gain control of Atlantic Sea Routes, to cut of supplies coming from North America.

  23. Battle • Germans attack against the British navy forces in hope of gaining control of the Atlantic Sea Routes. • Using German U-Boats, or submarines attacking North American and Britain boats carrying supplies. • “Wolf Packs”: Groups of German U-Boats • Lend-Lease Act: allowed FDR to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered vital to the safety of the U.S.

  24. Results • Germany failed to stop the flow of strategic supplies to Britain from the North American boats. • They were unsuccessful in gaining control of the Atlantic Sea Routes. • Allies: 30,248 Merchant sailors; 3,500 merchant vessels; 175 warships • Germans: 28,000 sailors; 783 submarines

  25. D-Day & Battle of the Bulge

  26. D-Day AKA Operation Overlord Who: Allies [US, Britain, Canada, Free France, Poland, Norway] VS. Germany US general Dwight D. Eisenhower What: massive military invasion of France’s beaches Where: Normandy, France

  27. D-Day When: invasion began on June 6, 1944 Why: Reclaim France to launch offensive against Germany How: surprise naval & air invasion– 150,000 troops came from United Kingdom staging area and landed on 5 beaches from sea; 13,000 paratroopers dropped; 13,000 bombs dropped on beaches in advance Operation Fortitude: Allies created “fake army” to trick Germans into thinking army was at Kent (opposite of Pas de Calais)– fake radio traffic; inflatable tanks used

  28. 5 beaches Sword beach: far left-- British & French only faced machine gun nest Juno beach: 2nd from left; Canadians penetrated further than any other Allies in 1st day Gold beach: British suffered heavy casualties b/c delayed tank & fortified German village; still advanced far Omaha beach: most heavily fortified; 60 meter cliffs; bad conditions pushed US boats away but eventually met goal Utah beach: westernmost beach; current pushed off target but still lightest American casualties

  29. D-Day: outcome Allies took Germans completely by surprise 150,000 men managed to get ashore by end of day Casualties: about 10,00 Allies & 4,000-9,000 Germans

  30. Battle of the Bulge Who: Allies [United States, Britain, Canada] vs. Germany What: Last big German offensive against Allies Where: Ardennes Mountains When: 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945

  31. Battle of the Bulge • Why: Hitler wanted to capture Antwerp [major supply port] and then divide Allies • How: Surprise attack: Hitler started bombing then sent in majority of troops • German soldiers in US uniforms cut phone lines, changed road signs & spread confusion • Poor weather & low visibility

  32. Battle of the Bulge Outcome: • Once weather cleared, Allies countered strong German offensive • German offensive lasted only 2 days • Most casualties: 81,000 Americans & 84,000 Germans killed/injured/captured • Germans retreated & were depleted in manpower, morale, & equipment • “Ultimately, it shortened the time Hitler had left” (375) because Hitler used his major reserves to fight

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