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Soil Classification NR 200 Chapter 3

2. 5/28/2012. Why classify?. Soils are classified on the basis of their profile characteristics: Moisture, temperature, color, texture, structure, organic matter, clay, iron, salts, pH, percentage of base saturation and soil depth.. 3. 5/28/2012. Individual soils:. Pedon ? and individual soil profil

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Soil Classification NR 200 Chapter 3

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    1. 5/29/2012 1 Soil Classification NR 200 Chapter 3

    2. 2 5/29/2012 Why classify? Soils are classified on the basis of their profile characteristics: Moisture, temperature, color, texture, structure, organic matter, clay, iron, salts, pH, percentage of base saturation and soil depth.

    3. 3 5/29/2012 Individual soils: Pedon – and individual soil profile 1- 10 m2 Polypedon – a group of pedons When a polypedon has related characteristics of the profile then we can call it a : soil series.

    4. 4 5/29/2012 Many terms are used to describe soils:

    5. 5 5/29/2012

    6. 6 5/29/2012 Taxonomy of Soil Science: The systematic evaluation of the properties of the soil. Just like all living organisms.

    7. 7 5/29/2012 Alfisols – Soils with an accumulation of clay in the B horizon. The older soils between the rivers - O, A, E, Bt (t is clay accumulation) and C

    8. 8 5/29/2012

    9. 9 5/29/2012 Andisols – Volcanic soils (ash, cinders, pumice and basalt)– Hawaii, Northern California

    10. 10 5/29/2012

    11. 11 5/29/2012 Aridisols – Arid Western soils low organic soils. Moisture is inadequate to mature a crop without irrigation in most years.

    12. 12 5/29/2012

    13. 13 5/29/2012 Entisols – Very young soils, with C horizon and maybe a slight developed A horizon The Entisol soils that are formed from alluvial fans are some of the most productive soils in the world. Irrigated farming on the good young Valley soils produces crops in great abundance.

    14. 14 5/29/2012

    15. 15 5/29/2012 Gelisols – permafrost soils, tundra slowly aging.

    16. 16 5/29/2012

    17. 17 5/29/2012 Histosols – Organic soils over 20% OM –Delta area

    18. 18 5/29/2012

    19. 19 5/29/2012 Inceptisols – Young soils but older then Entisols A-C horizon with the beginning formation of a B layer. Hilmar Series

    20. 20 5/29/2012

    21. 21 5/29/2012 Mollisols – Most soils have developed under grass vegetation, Prairie soils Mineral soils with thick, dark surface horizons relatively high in organic matter and with high base saturation. The great Mid-West grain belt is predominately this order.

    22. 22 5/29/2012

    23. 23 5/29/2012 Oxisols – Highly weathered soils old soils with high pH , Tropical - Hawaii

    24. 24 5/29/2012

    25. 25 5/29/2012 Spodosols – Light colored, acid forest cool humid regions generally infertile, high altitudes with heavy precipitation.

    26. 26 5/29/2012

    27. 27 5/29/2012 Ultisols – Highly weathered soils found in the Southwestern US. Lower Sierra soils

    28. 28 5/29/2012

    29. 29 5/29/2012 Vertisols – High in swelling clays, when soils dry exhibit a great deal of cracking.

    30. 30 5/29/2012

    31. 31 5/29/2012

    32. 32 5/29/2012

    33. 33 5/29/2012 Tujunga Series - Typic Xeropsamments meaning it is ___________ order

    34. 34 5/29/2012 Land Capability Classes – a method of determining a soil’s ability to grow certain types of crops.

    35. 35 5/29/2012

    36. 36 5/29/2012 Exerpt from A. A. Klingebiel and P. H. Montgomery, Land Capability Classification, Agriculture Handbook No. 210 (Washington, DC: Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1961), pp. 1-3.

    37. 37 5/29/2012 I: Can grow anything

    38. 38 5/29/2012 II: Can grow most anything once minor soil problems are addressed 2-6% slope shallow soils minor saline or alkali conditions slight drainage problems

    39. 39 5/29/2012 III: Good soils that have more moderate problems 6-12% slope erosion concerns very shallow soil low fertility moderate saline and alkaline conditions

    40. 40 5/29/2012 IV: Pasture to grass hays

    41. 41 5/29/2012 V-VIII: Little agriculture value except for pasture for grazing

    42. 42 5/29/2012 Letters for further understanding e - erosion factor w – wetness s – stony, tillage difficulties, shallow or saline

    43. 43 5/29/2012 Storie Index Rating

    44. 44 5/29/2012 Factor A Physical Profile and based on their physiological location Recent Alluvial fans, young alluvial fans, older alluvial fans, older plains and upland.

    45. 45 5/29/2012 Factor B Surface texture - Fine Sandy Loam, Loam and Silt Loam = 100

    46. 46 5/29/2012 Factor C Slope 0-2% = 100

    47. 47 5/29/2012 Factor X Drainage Alkali Fertility Acidity Erosion Microrelief

    48. 48 5/29/2012 Grading Grade 1 Excellent 100-80 Grade 2 Good 60-79 Grade 3 Fair 40-59 Grade 4 Poor 20-39 Grade 5 Very Poor 10-19 Grade 6 Nonagricultural less then 10

    49. 49 5/29/2012

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