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Analyzing India’s Foreign Policy since Independence

Analyzing India’s Foreign Policy since Independence. By: Arpit Ludhiyani & Satyadhar Joshi. What Is Foreign Policy?.

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Analyzing India’s Foreign Policy since Independence

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  1. Analyzing India’s Foreign Policy since Independence By: ArpitLudhiyani & Satyadhar Joshi

  2. What Is Foreign Policy? • A country’s Foreign Policy is the instrument to fulfill its national interests (economic, political, military etc.) by dealing with foreign nations in best possible manner. • Dealing with foreign nations/governments is termed as Diplomacy. • It’s the approach each nation will take/pursue towards every other nation in the world. • Which nation occupies how much importance in framing Foreign policy depends on the national interest it serves.

  3. Diplomacy??? • Diplomacy can be called as ways to deal with foreign governments. • Kautilya’sArthashastra aptly describes diplomacy. • Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states.  • Diplomacy is the employment of tact to gain strategic advantage or to find mutually acceptable solutions to a common challenge, one set of tools being the phrasing of statements in a non-confrontational, or polite manner.

  4. Extreme form of Foreign Policy: WAR (examples) • Argentina’s attack on Falkland Islands. • Pakistan’s attack on Kashmir. • Gulf War • Indo-Pak war of 1971. • US attack on Afghanistan, Iraq. & many more………………

  5. Why India Matters? • Second most populous country on earth. • World’s largest Democracy. • Second fastest growing economy. • World’s tenth largest military expenditure. • Emerging Superpower. • Large middle class. • Largest arms importer. • 6th nuclear power(de-facto). & many more………..

  6. Guiding Principles of Indian Foreign Policy • The guiding principles of India's Foreign Policy have been founded on Panchsheel, pragmatism and pursuit of national interest. • Panchsheel: Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence (Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, Mutual non-aggression against anyone, Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit for Peaceful co-existence) • Spreading Indian Interests through large Indian Diaspora of 2 crore people.

  7. Ministry of External Affairs • Indian Government Agency responsible for framing foreign policy of India. • Present Foreign Minister of India: SM Krishna. • Present Indian Foreign Secretary: NirupamaRao.

  8. Membership of International organizations • Founding member of UN (1945). • Founding member of NAM. • Founding member of G20. • Founding member of ADB. • IBSA • BRIC • G8+5 • East Asia Summit • SAARC & many more…………..

  9. Nascent Stage • Idealistic views towards world affairs. • Strong supporter of Independence movement of various colonies. • Neutral views towards Cold War with bias towards Soviet Union. • Jawaharlal Nehru framed the Foreign Policy of India.

  10. Non-Aligned Movement • During the cold war, seeing that there are two hostile camps forming up India pursued a path of Non Alignment. • Three nations started this movement together with India taking the lead. • There is lots of allegations that this movement has lost its relevance after the end of Cold war.

  11. Military Relations as an Instrument of Foreign Policy • Weapons imported from Soviet Union in the cold war. • After the collapse of Soviet Union Russia still the largest arms supplier but its NumeroUno position constantly under threat. • Strong military relations with Israel, France, UK. • USA trying hard to alter the equation.

  12. ASEAN: Look East • With the end of Cold War India drastically changed its approach towards world affairs. • India found a new approach called Look East (engaging east Asia). • India is ASEAN’s summit level partner. • India-ASEAN FTA. • East Asia Summit.

  13. THANK YOU

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