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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Psychological disorders. How do we classify disorders? Types of disorders Labeling What are: Anxiety disorders? Mood disorders? Dissociation disorders? Schizophrenic disorders Personality disorders?. How do we classify psychological disorders?. DSM-IV-TR

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders

  2. Psychological disorders • How do we classify disorders? • Types of disorders • Labeling • What are: • Anxiety disorders? • Mood disorders? • Dissociation disorders? • Schizophrenic disorders • Personality disorders?

  3. How do we classify psychological disorders? • DSM-IV-TR • PDM • Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual • New in 2007

  4. DSM-IV-TR • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders • (4th. Ed. Text revision(TR) • Used to identify psychological disorders

  5. Types of disorders • Neurotic disorders • Disorders that allow you to think & function socially • Older term - Vague - used minimally • Psychotic disorders • Irrational thoughts • Debilitating

  6. What is the effect of labeling psychological disorders? • It biases your perception of the patient’s behavior • After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis.

  7. What are anxiety disorders?

  8. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Vague expectation that something bad will happen. • Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings.

  9. Panic Disorder • Panic attack • Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can not escape if a panic attack occurs.

  10. Phobias • An irrational fear of something • E.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders • Social phobia - fear of social situations • (Shyness taken to an extreme)

  11. Obsessive - compulsive disorders • Obsessive = thoughts • Thoughts that won’t go away • Compulsive = behavior • Checking a locked door • Straightening books or fringe on a carpet • Hand washing • Flashing

  12. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • Causes: • Trauma • War • Rape • Effects (symptoms) • Nightmares • Flashbacks • Social withdrawal • Anxiety • Insomnia (trouble sleeping)

  13. What are mood disorders? • Depression • The “common cold” of psychological disorders • Main reason people seek mental health services • Dysthymic disorder • Between “feeling down” and clinical depression • Chronic “down-in-the-dumps” feeling for two years or more • Symptoms • Low energy • Low self-esteem • Never happy

  14. Bipolar Disorder • Depression to manic episodes • Alternating between hopelessness and unrestrained optimism.

  15. Dissociation and multiple personalities

  16. Dissociative disorders • Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.

  17. Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple personalities) • Two or more distinct identities that control their behavior. • Each person has its own voice and mannerisms. • One personality is usually unaware of the others.

  18. Schizophrenia • “Split mind” • Disorganized thinking • Inappropriate emotions & actions • Hallucinations (see or hear things) • Delusions (“I am God”) • False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)

  19. Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid • Delusions or hallucinations • Themes of persecution • “The Russians are after me.” • Disorganized • Disorganized speech or behavior • Flight of ideas • Inappropriate emotion

  20. Types of schizophrenia (cont.) • Catatonic • Motionless - for long periods of time • Parrotlike repeating of another’s speech

  21. Undifferentiated • Many different symptoms as discussed before.

  22. What are Personality Disorders? • Antisocial personality disorder • Formally called sociopath or psychopath • No conscience - (e.g. serial killer)

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